Class OliaOnt

java.lang.Object

org.getalp.dbnary.OliaOnt

public class OliaOnt
extends Object

Vocabulary definitions from /Users/serasset/dev/dbnary/gitlab/dbnary/dbnary-ontology/src/main/resources/org/getalp/dbnary/olia.owl

Author:

Auto-generated by schemagen on 21 May 2026 23:52

Field Summary

Fields

Modifier and Type	Field	Description
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AbbreviatedPronoun	Abbreviation/Syntactic_Type="pronominal" (Romanian), e.g., d-ta/dumneata, d-tale/dumitale, d-voastră/dumneavoastră, dv./dumneavoastră, dvs./dumneavoastră (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Pronominal)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Abbreviation	Abbreviation (from Latin brevis "short") is strictly speaking a shorter form of a word, but more particularly, an abbreviation is a letter or group of letters, taken from a word or words, and employed to represent them for the sake of brevity.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AbessiveCase	AbessiveCase expresses the lack or absence of the referent of the noun it marks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AbilitativeModality	modality expressed by AbilitativeMood: Abilitative is a mood that indicates ability, comparable to the use of "can" in English.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AbilitativeMood	Abilitative is a mood that indicates ability, comparable to the use of "can" in English.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AblativeCase	Case used to indicate locative or instrumental function.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AbsoluteRelativeTense	Absolute-relative tense is a tense that (i) refers to a time in relation to a temporal reference point that, in turn, is referred to in relation to the moment of utterance (ii) in which the time and the reference point are not identical, and (iii) the reference point and the moment of utterance are not identical.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AbsoluteTense	Absolute tense refers to a time in relation to the moment of utterance.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AbsolutiveAntipassive	An Antipassive in which the P or logical object is suppressed or overtly absent.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AbsolutiveCase	Absolutive case marks the first argument of an intransitive verb and the second argument of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Accusative	In nominative-accusative languages, accusative case marks certain syntactic functions, usually direct objects.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Acronym	An acronym is an abbreviation, such as NATO, laser, and ABC, written as the initial letter or letters of words, and pronounced on the basis of this abbreviated written form.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ActionalModality	ActionalForce indicates that the speaker or hearer is to undertake some action.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ActiveVoice	When the subject is the agent or actor of the verb, the verb is in the active voice.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ActorMacroRole	The most agentive semantic role of the current clause (van Valin and Lapolla 1997), designated subject (from a semantic point of view)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AddresseeRole	-VOC (vocative) — marks nouns of address, regardless of their position in the sentence.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdessiveCase	AdessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location near/at which another referent exists.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AditiveCase	Case expressing "to" in Basque studies.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Adjectival	In MULTEXT-East a characteristic of attributive pronouns and abbreviated adjectives, e.g., in Ukrainian e.g., абичий/= бозна-чий/= будь-чий/= дечий/= хтозна-чий/= чий-будь/= чий-небудь/= чийсь/=, абичийого/абичий аби до чийого/абичий бозна-чийого/бозна-чий будь-чийого/будь-чий дечийого/дечий хтозна-чийого/хтозна-чий чийого-будь/чий-будь чийого-небудь/чий-небудь чийогось/чийсь, абичийого/абичий бозна-чийого/бозна-чий будь-чийого/будь-чий дечийого/дечий хтозна-чийого/хтозна-чий чийого-будь/чий-будь чийого-небудь/чий-небудь чийогось/чийсь, абичийому/абичий абичиєму/абичий абичиїм/абичий аби на чийому/абичий аби на чиєму/абичий аби на чиїм/абичий бозна на чийому/бозна-чий бозна на чиєму/бозна-чий бозна на чиїм/бозна-чий будь-чийому/будь-чий будь-чиєму/будь-чий будь-чиїм/будь-чий будь на чийому/будь-чий будь на чиєму/будь-чий будь на чиїм/будь-чий дечийому/дечий дечиєму/дечий дечиїм/дечий де на чийому/дечий де на чиєму/дечий, абичийому/абичий абичиєму/абичий бозна-чийому/бозна-чий бозна-чиєму/бозна-чий будь-чийому/будь-чий будь-чиєму/будь-чий дечийому/дечий дечиєму/дечий хтозна-чийому/хтозна-чий хтозна-чиєму/хтозна-чий чийому-будь/чий-будь чиєму-будь/чий-будь чийому-небудь/чий-небудь чиєму-небудь/чий-небудь чийомусь/чийсь чиємусь/чийсь, абичийому/абичий абичиєму/абичий бозна-чийому/бозна-чий будь-чийому/будь-чий будь-чиєму/будь-чий дечийому/дечий хтозна-чийому/хтозна-чий чийому-будь/чий-будь чийому-небудь/чий-небудь чийомусь/чийсь, абичию/абичий бозна-чию/бозна-чий будь-чию/будь-чий дечию/дечий хтозна-чию/хтозна-чий чию-будь/чий-будь чию-небудь/чий-небудь чиюсь/чийсь, абичия/абичий бозна-чия/бозна-чий будь-чия/будь-чий дечия/дечий хтозна-чия/хтозна-чий чия-будь/чий-будь чия-небудь/чий-небудь чиясь/чийсь, абичиє/абичий бозна-чиє/бозна-чий будь-чиє/будь-чий дечиє/дечий хтозна-чиє/хтозна-чий чиє-будь/чий-будь чиє-небудь/чий-небудь чиєсь/чийсь (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Adjectival)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdjectivalAdverb	An adjectival adverb is an adverb that is formally identical to an adjective.<br/> MULTEXT-East Adverb/Type="adjectival" (Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian)<br/> Bulgarian AdjectivalAdverbs have the same form as adjectives in Gender = neuter, Person = 3, Number = singular.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdjectivalModifier	A nominal is modified by an adjective.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdjectivalParticle	Particle that serves to form adjective phrases, e.g., Urdu sā (http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#AdjectivalParticle)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Adjective	An Adjective is a noun-modifying expression that specifies the properties or attributes of the nominal referent.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdjectivePhrase	An adjective phrase may consist of an adjective, or a sequence of words in which an adjective is the head of the phrase, as shown in 47 to 50 below.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Adjunction	The term djunction structure" refers to structures which would be represented by tree diagrams of the general form in (@9).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdjutativeVoice	voice for a construction where the subject of the verb is not an agent of the action denoted by the verb but is assisting an unstated agent in performing the action
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdmonitiveModality	Expression of warning (Bybee 1985:22) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#admonitiveModality)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdnominalConstituent	Adnominal wird jedes Element in einer Konstruktion bezeichnet, das der Modifizierung eines Nomens dient, d.h.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Adposition	An adposition is a cover term for prepositions, postpositions and circumpositions.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Adverb	An adverb is a part of speech that serves to modify non-nominal parts of speech, i.e., verbs, adjectives (including numbers), clauses, sentences and other adverbs.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Adverbial	-ADV (adverbial) — marks a constituent other than ADVP or PP when it is used adverbially (e.g., NPs or free (“headless”) relatives).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdverbialModifier	An adverbial modifier modifies a verb.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdverbialParticiple	Adverb/Type="participle" is used in the Slovene MTE v4 specs, e.g., 'leže' / lying.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdverbialSubordinateClause	Subordinate clauses with adverbial function are annotated as ADV, e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AdverbPhrase	An adverb phrase may consist of an adverb, or a sequence of words in which an adverb is the head of the phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AffirmativeParticle	Particle used to express affirmation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Affix	Letter or group of letters which are added to a word to make a new word.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AffixedPersonalPronoun	Personnal pronoun that is affixed.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AgentDeletionPassive	The object of the active retains its old case-marking in the passive, the subject of the active cannot appear in the passive clause, and the passive tends to be semantically active.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AgentiveVerb	An agentive verb marks the semantic role of agent or the doer of an action.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AgentRole	An agentive role is one in which the actor exerts some degree of will(-power) in the execution of the event.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AllativeCase	AllativeCase expresses motion to or toward the referent of the noun it marks (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 6,9,216; Lyons 1968: 299; Crystal 1985: 1213; Gove, et al.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AllusivePronoun	pronoun that have reference to something characterized by allusions.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Animate	Perceived as alive.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AnimateGender	One of the two grammatical genders, or classes of nouns, the other being inanimate.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Anticausative	An intransitive verb is derived from a basically transitive one with the direct object of the transitive verb corresponding to the subject of the intransitive.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AntiCausativeVoice	An intransitive verb is derived from a basically transitive one with the direct object of the transitive verb corresponding to the subject of the intransitive [Siewierska 1988: 267].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Antipassive	Derives an intransitive verb from a transitive stem whereby the original agent (only) is cross-referrenced by the absolutive markers on the verb and the original patient, if it appears, is in an oblique phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Aorist	Simple past tense that is predominantly used for narration.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Apocope	deletion of the final element in a word (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2254)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ApplicativeVoice	voice which promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the core patient argument and indicates the oblique role within the meaning of the verb
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Apposition	Apposition is a relation between two phrases: (1) the nucleus phrase and (2) an appositive phrase, generally set o by punctuation, which modi es the nucleus phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ApproximateNumeral	Bulgarian has Numeral/Form=approx(a), used for approximate numerals (десетина /about a ten/, стотина /about a hundred/) (Dimitrova et al.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Article	An article is a member of a small class of determiners that identify a noun's definite or indefinite reference, and the new or given status.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AspectMarkingAuxiliary	An auxiliary that marks exclusively aspect, e.g., in Urdu: Auxiliaries: Based on the syntactic nature of Urdu, auxiliaries are divided into two categories.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AspectParticle	In the Romanian MULTEXT-East scheme, a verbal particle with Particle/Type="aspect" modifies the verbs and carries information on the verb form, i.e., on its aspect (Dan Tufis, email 2010/06/09, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#AspectParticle)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AspirationalVerb	It is a verb, which indicates a strong desire to achieve something, without the doer.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Atransitive	A predicate/verb that takes no argument.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AttributiveAdjective	An attributive adjective is an adjective that qualifies or modifies a noun and that precedes the noun, e.g."a delicious apple", "a short letter".
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AttributivePronoun	An attributive pronoun is a pronoun that modifies an NP.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Augmentative	A special form of a noun that signals that the object being referred to is large relative to the usual size of such an object [Crystal 1980: 34].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AuxiliaryVerb	An auxiliary verb is a verb which accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase, and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense aspect, and voice.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	AversiveCase	AversiveCase expresses fear or is literally translated as 'turning from' in some languages [Blake 2001: 156].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	BaseForm	Strong inflection is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	BeAuxiliary	Verb used to link the subject of a sentence and its noun or adjective complement or complementing phrase in certain languages.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	BenchLevelRegister	Register of terms used in applications-oriented as opposed to theoretical or academic levels of language.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	BenefactiveCase	BenefactiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks receives the benefit of the situation expressed by the clause (Crystal 1980: 43; Gove, et al.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	BenefactorRole	A beneficiary (benefactor) instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who stands to benefit in some way from the event.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	BoundClitic	Linked to a particular element.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	BrokenPlural	Internal plural that do not have any inflection.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Bullet	Sign used to mark an item in a list.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CardinalNumber	A cardinal numeral is a numeral of the class whose members are considered basic in form, used in counting, and used in expressing how many objects are referred to.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CaseMarker
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CausalAdverb	Adverb/Type="causal" is used in the Hungarian MTE v4, but no examples are provided.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CausalModality	In Inuktitut, causality is expressed by verbal inflection.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CausalMood	In Inuktitut, causality is expressed by verbal inflection.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Causative	Expressing the causation of an action.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CausativeCase	Case which expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the cause of the situation expressed by the clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CausativeVoice	voice where the subject causes someone or something else to do or be something
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CauseRole	Cause indicates the reason why something happens and is often expressed by a PP (because of, with, through etc.).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CessativeAspect	Aspect that expresses the cessation of an event or state.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Character
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CharacteristicAdjective	It is an adjective, which expresses the character and feature of subject or an object, while modifying a noun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Circumposition	A circumposition is an adposition with a part before the noun phrase and a part after.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CircumstantialVoice	voice that promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the role of subject
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Classifier	A classifier is a word or affix that expresses the classification of a noun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Clause	Clause is the class of constructions that form minimal sentential units.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Clitic	Categorization of the different types of clitics (MultText-East; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1903)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CliticDefiniteArticle	clitic definite determiner, e.g., in Macedonian, Bulgarian, and Romanian (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticDeterminerType)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CliticElement	Note that Clitic covers only one aspect of the original MULTEXT-East (and ISOcat) definitions of cliticness, i.e., that an element is a clitic
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Cliticization	In morphosyntax, cliticization is a process by which a complex word is formed by attaching a clitic to a fully inflected word.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CliticSpecificArticle	Persian does have an article, but it marks specificity rather than definiteness.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CloseAngleBracket	> *RAB* Right angle bracket (Santorini 1991)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CloseBracket	Punctuation that is graphically represented by ] (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2083)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CloseCurlyBracket	Punctuation that is graphically represented by } (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2085)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CloseFuture	Adopted from GOLD.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CloseParenthesis	End of a parenthesis pair.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CloseQuote	quotation mark, closing
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CloseSquareBracket	] *RSB* Right square bracket (Santorini 1991)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Collective	A collective number is a number referring to 'a set of things'.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CollectiveNumeral	e.g., обата, обајцата, обете, шеесетминава/шеесетмина, шеесетминана/шеесетмина, шеесетмината/шеесетмина, шеснаесетминава/шеснаесетмина, шеснаесетминана/шеснаесетмина, шеснаесетмината/шеснаесетмина (mk, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)e.g., czworga/czworo, czworgiem/czworo, czworgu/czworo, czworo/czworo, dwoje/dwoje, dwojga/dwoje, dwojgiem/dwoje, dwojgu/dwoje, jedenaścioro/jedenaścioro (pl, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)Numeral/Type="collect" (Romanian)<br/> In traditional Romanian grammars, expressions like amândoi "both", toţi trei "all three" are referred to as collective numerals.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CollectivePronoun	A pronoun that refers to all elements of a set.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Collocation	A collocation is any habitually linked group of words - a kind of lexical partnership, e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Colon	Sign with two vertical points that is used in writing and printing to introduce an explanation, example or quotation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ComitativeCase	ComitativeCase expresses accompaniment.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ComitativeRole	Comitative carries the meaning 'with' or 'accompanied by' (Anderson, Stephen 1985: 186; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 42;Dixon, R.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Comma	Mark (,) used in writing to show a short pause or to separate items in a list.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CommissiveModality	CommissiveForce indicates that the speaker promises or threatens to perform some action [Palmer 2001: 10, 72].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CommonGender	Common is an optional attribute for nouns in EAGLES.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CommonlyUsed	Said of a term that appears frequently.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CommonNoun	A common noun is a noun that signifies a non-specific member of a group.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Comparative	The comparative is the form of an adjective or adverb which denotes the degree or grade by which a person, thing, or other entity has a property or quality greater or less in extent than that of another.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ComparativeParticle	Particle used to compare.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ComplementClause	In noun phrases like the fact that she is late, the subordinate clause that she is late is a complement of the noun fact and should not be confused with a relative clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ComplementizerField	The C-Feld occurs in verb-final clauses in German (exception: the conjunction als in subordinated sentences of comparison als w¨are es nie geschehen.).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CompletiveAspect	To do something thoroughly and to completion.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Composition	In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word) that consists of more than one stem.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CompoundPreposition	Preposition that is a aggregation of words (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1934)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionalClause	Conditional clauses refer to a hypothetical situation, in English they are introduced by 'if' or 'unless'.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionalIrrealisModality	Conditional Mood (modality) with Irrealis meaning (ILPOSTS)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionalIrrealisMood	Conditional Mood (modality) with Irrealis meaning (ILPOSTS)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionalModality	In Inuktitut, conditionality is expressed by verbal inflection.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionalMood	In Inuktitut, conditionality is expressed by verbal inflection.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionalParticiple	[In Bengali, t]he Conditional Participle is widely used to convey "if a certain action [pertaining to the parent verb] is done,...".
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionalParticle	conditional particule (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2230)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionalPronoun	conditional pronoun (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2222)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionalRealisModality	Conditional Mood (modality) with Realis meaning (ILPOSTS)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionalRealisMood	Conditional Mood (modality) with Realis meaning (ILPOSTS)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionalVerb	A conditional verb is a verb form in many languages.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConditionRole	Adverbial that denotes a condition.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Conjugated	Property of a verbal form when inflected (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2207)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Conjunct	TIGER edge label CJ
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Conjunction	A conjunction is a word that syntactically links words or larger constituents, and expresses a semantic relationship between them.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConjunctionPhrase	Multi-word conjunction Besides the usual and, or, but, etc., certain prepositions and subordinating conjunctions can be used as coordinating conjunctions.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ContablativeCase	ContablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from near which another referent is moving.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ContallativeCase	ContallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the vicinity of the referent of the noun it marks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ConterminativeCase	ConterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the vicinity of the referent of the noun it marks, but not through that region.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ContextualVariation	Variation on a particular usage or immediate proximity of words.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ContinuousAspect	Similar to progressive, however an aspect is continuous versus progressive when it is anchored to non-punctual time reference (Salaberry 2002:264).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ContlativeCase	ContlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location in the vicinity of which another referent is moving.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Contraction	no definition given
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ContrastiveEmphaticParticle
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ContrastiveParticle	Contrastive particle, e.g., (one of the uses of) Urdu tô: vo urdû parhê gâ "He will study Urdu." (simple statement) vo tô urdû parhê gâ "HE will study Urdu." (Contrast: the other students may not.) (Schmidt 1999, p.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CoordinateClause	A coordinate clause is a clause belonging to a series of two or more clauses which are not syntactically dependent on one another, and are joined by means of a coordinate conjunction, a connective or parataxis.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CoordinatingConjunction	Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that join two items of equal syntactic importance.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Coordination	As has already been shown in some of the preceding examples, the issue of coordination necessarily arises: how is coordination to be represented in terms of constituency? Different approaches have been taken, and in the example analyses given in this document, we have chosen to take a traditional approach, showing the coordinated constituents at the same level, with the conjunction between them (see also 47 and 48): (51) [NP [NP John NP] and [NP Mary NP] NP] (52) She went [PP [PP to the library PP] or [PP to the cafeteria PP] PP] (53) He works [ADVP [ADVP very slowly ADVP] but [ADVP very meticulously ADVP] ADVP] However, in practice, in an automated parsing system, this is not an easy differentiation to make, and in some existing schemes, a slightly less satisfactory solution has been found, viz.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CoordinationParticle	particle for coordination (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2227)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CoordinatorField	The KOORD-field is the field for coordinating particles in the German clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Copula	A copula is an intransitivity verb which links a subject to a noun phrase, an adjective or an other constituent which expresses the predicate.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Correlative	When the same word is also placed before the first conjunct, as in French "ou...ou...", the former occurrence is given the Correlative value and the latter the Simple value.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CorrelativeCoordinatingConjunction	When the same word is also placed before the first conjunct, as in French "ou...ou...", the former occurrence is given the Correlative value and the latter the Simple value.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CosubordinateClause
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Countable	A countable noun (also count noun) is a noun which can be modified by a numeral and occur in both singular and plural form, as well as co-occurring with quantificational determiners like every, each, several, most, etc..
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CountableNoun	A countable noun (also count noun) is a noun which can be modified by a numeral and occur in both singular and plural form, as well as co-occurring with quantificational determiners like every, each, several, most, etc..
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	CountNumber	MULTEXT-East feature Number="count" (Nouns in Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian), e.g., Bulgarian яка/як, язовира/язовир, яда/яд, юргана/юрган, юбилея/юбилей, ъгъла/ъгъл (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CountNumber)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Date	Date is a stretch of text that specifies a specific point in time and that is not further linguistically analysed.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DativeCase	Dative case marks indirect objects (for languages in which they are held to exist), or nouns having the role of a recipient (as of things given), a beneficiary of an action, or a possessor of an item.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DebitiveModality	Mood to express necessity or requirement
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DebitiveMood	Mood to express necessity or requirement
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DeclarativeModality	Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a type of (formal) assertion (OED).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DeclarativeMood	Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a type of (formal) assertion (OED).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DeclarativePunctuation	Punctuation used at the end a declarative sentence.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DeclarativeSentence	S|Simple declarative clause, i.e.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DeductiveEvidentiality	DeductiveEvidentiality encodes the fact that the speaker came to believe the content of the expression through a sound inference procedure.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DeficientVerb	verb lacking certain morphosyntactic properties
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Definite	Value referring to the capacity of identification of an entity.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DefiniteArticle	A definite article is used before singular and plural nouns that refer to a particular member of a group.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DegreeAdverb	Any adverb which modifies an adjective, an adverb, a verbal particle, a preposition, a conjunction or a determiner is a degree adverb.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DelativeCase	DelativeCase expresses motion downward from the referent of the noun it marks (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 53; Gove, et al.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DemonstrativeAdverb	Pronominal adverb derived from a demonstrative stem (Ch.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DemonstrativeDeterminer	Demonstratives are deictic expressions (they depend on an external frame of reference) which indicate entities a speaker refers to, and distinguishes those entities from others.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DemonstrativeModifier	A nominal is modified by a demonstrative.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DemonstrativePronoun	Demonstrative pronouns are deictic words (they depend on an external frame of reference).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DemonstrativeQuantifier	In the Czech and Slovak MTE v4 specs, Numeral/Class="demonstrative" are items meaning `this many/much', etc.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DeponentMiddle	Action denotes physical/mental disposition of subject.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Derivation	Change in the form of a linguistic unit, usually modification in the base/root or affixation to create a new word.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DeterminalPronoun	The Estonian determinal pronouns _ise_, _end(a)_ `(one)self'." combine aspects of emphatic pronouns and reflexive pronouns.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Determiner	A determiner is a noun modifier that expresses the reference of a noun or noun phrase in the context, including quantity, rather than attributes expressed by adjectives.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DeterminerPhrase	Certain pronouns serving as determiners in noun phrases may be premodified, for instance, by degree adverbs such as in German "so viele ¨Altere", "gar kein Schutz", etc.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Diacritic
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DialectRegister	Register that is specific to a dialect.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DifferentialPronoun	A pronoun, which classifies or differentiates(pronoun) by a single basis, like everybody; each; individual etc.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DigitNumeral	Numeral expressed by Arabic digits.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Diminuitive	A diminutive is a formation of a word used to convey a slight degree of the root meaning, smallness of the object or quality named, encapsulation, intimacy, or endearment.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DiminutiveNoun	diminutive noun (MIRACL LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2225)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DirectCase	In the Romanian case system the value 'direct' conflates 'nominative' and 'accusative', e.g., -acea/acel, -aceasta/acesta, -această/acest (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DirectCase)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DirectionRole	-DIR (direction) â ´ marks adverbials that answer the questions â ¼from where?â ½ and â ¼to where?â ½ It implies motion, which can be metaphorical as in â ¼...rose 5 pts.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DirectObject	A direct object is a grammatical relation that exhibits a combination of certain independent syntactic properties, such as the following: the usual grammatical characteristics of the patient of typically transitive verbs; particular case marking; a particular clause position; the conditioning of an agreement affix on the verb; the capability of becoming the clause subject in passivization; the capability of reflexivization.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DirectQuestion	There are two types of direct questions: yes-no questions and wh-questions.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DirectSpeech	added in accordance with TIGER
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DirectVoice	Signals that the action proceeds in an ontologically salient way, i.e.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DirectWHQuestion	SBARQ|Direct question introduced by a wh-word or wh-phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DiscourseMarker	Generally, discourse markers are expressions or phrases of greeting, apologizing, thanking, short emotional utterances, and interjections.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Distal	The referent denoted by a distal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English that) is usually spatially more remote or discoursally less salient as compared to a referent denoted by a proximal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English this) (Chiarcos)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DistinctiveParticle	distinctive particle (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2228)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DistributiveCase	The distributive case is used on nouns for the meanings of per or each, e.g., Hungarian egyenként/egy, hetenként/hét, ilyenként/ily, kéthetenként/kéthét, rekordonként/rekord, tömbönként/tömb, vércsoportonként/vércsoport In Hungarian it is -nként and expresses the manner when something happens to each member of a set one by one (e.g., fejenként "per head", esetenként "in some case"), or the frequency in time (hetenként "once a week", tízpercenként "every ten minutes").
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DistributivePronoun	When the subject is conjoined, the reflexive cannot refer to only one of them.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Ditransitive	A predicate/verb that takes two arguments, e.g., English "to give", cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DitransitiveTheme	Ditransitive theme (T) (Siewierska 2004:57).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Dual	Form used in some languages to designate two persons or things.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DualQuantifier	Quantifiers that enforce dual agreement (i.e., as with the numeral "2").
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DubitiveModality	DubitiveMood indicates a speaker's doubt or uncertainty about a proposition (Palmer 2001).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DubitiveMood	DubitiveMood indicates a speaker's doubt or uncertainty about a proposition (Palmer 2001).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DurativeAspect	Events which involve some duration (Bhat 1999:58).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	DynamicAspect	dynamic aspect (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#dynamicityAspect)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EchoWord	The word is a copy of a previous word.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ElativeCase	ElativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location out of which another referent is moving.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ElativeDegree	MULTEXT-East Degree="elative" (Adjective: Resian, Serbian, Macedonian)<br/> In Semitic languages, ElativeDegree refers to the “adjective of superiority.” In some languages such as Arabic, the concepts of comparative and superlative degree of an adjective are merged into a single form, the elative.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ElativeNoun	noun to express both comparative and superlative
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ElementDemandingClitic	Expression representing a lexeme with cliticization whose clitics are, however, represented as a separate token
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ElementWithClitic	Expression representing a lexeme together with its clitics (Chiarcos)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ElementWithoutClitic	Expression representing a lexeme without any clitics (i.e.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Elision	The omission of a syllable or vowel at the beginning or end of a word, esp.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Ellipsis	*?* â ´ placeholder for ellipsed material ...
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EmbeddedInfinitive	An infinitive is the head of the embedded construction.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EmbeddedParticiple	A participle is the head of the embedded construction.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Emphatic	Pronoun marked to show its importance.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EmphaticDeterminer	Determiner/Type="emphatic" (Romanian)<br/> In Romanian, there are specific forms for the so-called emphatic determiner, which may accompany both a noun and a personal pronoun: fata însăşi (the girl herself), also ea însăşi (she herself).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EmphaticParticle	Emphatic particle, e.g., (one of the uses of) Urdu tô: vo urdû parhê gâ "He will study Urdu." (simple statement) vo urdû parhê gâ tô lêkin imtihân nahîm dê gâ "He will STUDY Urdu, OF COURSE, but he won't take the examination." (Schmidt 1999, p.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EmphaticPronoun	Pronoun marked to show its importance.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EpistemicNecessityModality	EpistemicNecessityModality indicates that the expressed proposition is known to be true.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EpistemicPossibilityModality	EpistemicPossibilityModality indicates that the designated state of affairs is not known not to be true.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EquativeCase	Case that expresses likeness or identity to the referent of the noun it marks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ErgativeCase	In ergative-absolutive languages, the ergative case identifies the subject of a transitive verb.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EssiveCase	EssiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location at which another referent exists (Lyons 1968: 299,301; Gove, et al.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EssiveFormalCase	The Hungarian "formativus, or essivus-formalis `-ként' ...
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	EvaluativeModality	EvaluativeProperty: A term used in semantics for a type of modality where propositions express the speaker's attitude (e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExclamativePoint	Special sign (!) usually used in writing to mark exclamation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExclamatoryAdverb	An ExclamatoryAdverb seves to express exclamation, cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExclamatoryDeterminer	A exclamatory determiner is used in combination with a Nominal Phrase in order to create an exclamation (a more emphatic form of statement), e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExclamatoryPronoun	An exclamative pronoun is a word which marks an exclamation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Exclusive	a form denoting that the addressee (addressees) are not included into the set of their referents which contain also the speaker
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExclusiveEmphaticParticle	In Urdu, the exclusive emphatic particle hî emphasizes the preceding word and excludes something else (which may not be expressed).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExistentialParticle	English existential there is specified as a subtype of pronoun in MTE v4, i.e., Pronoun/Type="ex-there" (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ExistentialThere)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExistentialPronoun	pronoun that indicates the existence of something or someone
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExpansionVariation	Description of the kind of variation between full and abbreviated forms.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExperiencerRole	An experiencer instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who takes the event in through sensory means in some way.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Expletive	Word which serves no grammatical function, but which fills up a sentence or gives emphasis.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExpletiveArgument	Three different expletive usages [of the German expletive pronoun es] are traditionally distinguished: formal subject or object (expletive argument), correlate of an extraposed clausal argument (expletive correlate), and Vorfeld-es (structural expletive) (cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExpletiveCorrelate	Three different expletive usages [of the German expletive pronoun es] are traditionally distinguished: formal subject or object (expletive argument), correlate of an extraposed clausal argument (expletive correlate), and Vorfeld-es (structural expletive) (cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExpletivePronoun	An expletive (also known as a dummy word) is a part of speech whose members have no meaning, but complete a sentence to make it grammatical [Crystal 1997, 127] (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Expletive) In European languages, expletives are pronouns.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ExtentRole	-EXT (extent) â ´ marks adverbial phrases that describe the spatial extent of an activity.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Extraposition	*EXP* — Expletive (extraposition) ...
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FacetiousRegister	Register related to an expression that is intended to be clever and funny but that is really silly and annoying.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FactiveCase	case category of the Hungarian MULTEXT-East scheme, e.g., amilyenné/amilyen, azzá/az, erőddé/erő, jelmezeivé/jelmez, jelükké/jel, kevéssé/kevés, Kissé/Kiss, legjelentéktelenebbekké/jelentéktelen (hu) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FactiveCase)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FacultativePrepositionalObject	facultative (i.e.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FamiliarSecondPersonPronoun	In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FamilyName	In most European cultures, family names have been introduced into name formulas to identify a person's family, so that individuals with the same given name can be distinguished.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Feminine	Feminine gender is a grammatical gender that marks nouns, articles, pronouns, etc.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FinalField	In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FiniteClause
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FiniteVerb	A finite verb is a verb form that occurs in an independent clause, and is fully inflected according to the inflectional categories marked on verbs in the language.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FiniteVerbPhrase
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	First	First person deixis is deictic reference that refers to the speaker, or both the speaker and referents grouped with the speaker (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1288) cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FirstExclusive	Refers to the speaker and one or more nonparticipants, but not hearer(s).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FirstInclusive	Refers to the speaker, hearer(s) and possibly others.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FirstPersonPronoun	A FirstPersonPronoun refers to the speaker, or to both the speaker and referents grouped with the speaker.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FixedExpression	Some forms can only be used in a fixed context, e.g., polsku in po polsku.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FocusAntipassive	Blocks the P or logical object (basic absolutive) nominal from being assigned Focus salience.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FocusMarker	a morpheme indicating that the element it marks is the focus of the utterance.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ForceRole	A force role is one in which the instantiator (the “force”) exerts some degree of energy which initiates (or impacts on) the execution of the event.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Foreign	A foreign word is a text word which lies outside the traditionally accepted range of grammatical classes, it occurs quite commonly in many texts and very commonly in some.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ForeignPhrase	Single foreign words are projected to a syntactic level assigned the node label FX, which is an universal label for any syntactic category (phrasal and sentential) in the respective foreign language.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FormalCase	In Hungarian, `essive-formal' is in some descriptions simply called `formal', with the affix _-képp(en)_ and meaning (`in the form of ...', they probably meant when they came up with the term).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FormalRegister	Formal register.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Formula	A formula (mathematical formulae) is a text word which lies outside the traditionally accepted range of grammatical classes, it occurs quite commonly in many texts and very commonly in some.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Fraction	e.g., يک‌چهارمِ/يک‌چهار يک‌پنجمِ/يک‌پنج (fa, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FractalNumeral)Numeral/Form="fractional" (Romanian)<br/> In traditional Romanian grammars, FractionalNumeral refers to expressions like treime-one third.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Fragment	FRAG marks those portions of text that appear to be clauses, but lack too many essential elements for the exact structure to be easily determined (e.g., answers to questions).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FrequentiveAspect	Events which are frequently repeated, differs from habitual in that it can only be based upon the observation of several occurrences of the event concerned, whereas habitual can be based upon the observation of a single occurrence (Bhat 1999: 53).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Fronting	Expression occurs at the left periphery of the sentence.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FullDefiniteArticle	For definiteness, when a specific form is the syntactic subject of the clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FusedPrepArt	The additional value Fused prep-art is for the benefit of those who do not find it practical to split fused words such as French au (= à + le) into two text words.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FusedPreposition	Preposition that is the result of a morphological merge from at least two words.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FusedPrepositionPronoun	word resulting from the aggregation of a preposition and a pronoun
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FusedPronounAuxiliary	word resulting from the aggregation of a pronoun and an auxiliary
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Future	The future tense refers to events that have yet to happen.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FutureInFuture	FutureInFutureTense locates the situation in question in the future, relative to a temporal reference point that itself is located in the future relative to the moment of utterance.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FutureInPast	FutureInPastTense locates the situation in question in the future, relative to a contextually determined temporal reference point that itself must be located in the past relative to the moment of utterance.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FutureParticle	Particle used in order to express future.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	FuturePerfect	RelativeFutureTense locates the situation in question after a contextually determined temporal reference point, regardless of the latter's relation to the moment of utterance.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Gapping	The term "gapping" refers to a form of coordination in which the coordinated phrases after the rst are incomplete.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	GeneralizationWord	A word that does not carry its own meaning but generalizes the meaning of a neighboring word, adding the "etc." sense.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	GenitiveAttribute	added in conformance to the TIGER scheme
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	GenitiveCase	Genitive case signals that the referent of the marked noun is the possessor of the referent of another noun, e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	GeographicalVariant	Description of a specific form used in a certain region as opposed to another form used in another region (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1851)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Gerund	property for a non-finite form of a verb other than the infinitive.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	GerundVerbPhrase	VGNN Gerunds A verb chunk having a gerund will be annotated as VGNN.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	GivenName	In most European cultures, a given name designates an individual person throughout her/his life span.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	GoalRole	A goal role instantiates the (intended) end location (directional path) of an event.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	GraphicalSeparator	Character string that appears between two written forms
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	HabitualAspect	Habitual tense pertains to verbs which refer to an action that occurs repeatedly.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	HabitualMood	"Habitual" is normally considered to be an aspect.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	HangingTopic	HangingTopic constructions are closely related to LeftDislocation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasAspect
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasCase
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasChild	In hierarchical relations, the parent is modelled as source, the child as target.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasClusivity
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	hasConjunct
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasCoordType
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasCountability
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasDefiniteness
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasDegree
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasEmphasis
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasEvaluativeFeature
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasEvidentiality
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasGender
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasInflectionType
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasModality
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasMood
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasNumber
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasNumeralAgreementClass
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasObjectNumber	Number of the object of a transitive verb.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasObjectPerson	person for the object of the verb (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2279)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasOwnedNumber	Indication concerning the number of the possessed thing.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasOwnerGender	Indication concerning the gender of the person that ownes something.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasOwnerNumber	The EAGLES-recommended attribute Possessive accounts for the fact that a possessive pronoun or possessive determiner may have two different numbers.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasOwnerPerson	Indication concerning the person that ownes something.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasParent	In hierarchical relations, the parent is modelled as source, the child as target.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasPerson
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasPolarity
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasProximity
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasReduplicationType
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasReferentType
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasReflexivity
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasRegister	Classification indicating the relative level of language individually assigned to a lexeme or term or to a text type.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasSemanticRole
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasSemanticValency	Semantic valency pertains to the number of semantic arguments a predicate takes.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	hasSentenceConjunct
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasSeparability
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasSpecificity
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasStrength
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasSubjectNumber	Number of the subject of a transitive verb.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasSubjectPerson	person for the subject of the verb (in languages with double congruency) (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2278)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasSubordType
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasSyntacticFunction	Relation to be used when the syntactic function of a constituent is different from its morphosyntactic type, cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasSyntacticRole
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasSyntacticValency	In annotation schemes for morphosyntax, "valency" normally means syntactic valency, i.e., the number of syntactic arguments a verb/clause takes.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasTense
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasUsage	The relative commonness with which a term occurs.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasValency
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property	hasVoice
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	hasWordConjunct
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	HaveAuxiliary	The verb have as an auxiliary.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Head	TIGER edge label HDHeads are single words that function as the nucleus of a phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Headline	-HLN (headline) — marks headlines and datelines.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	HeadOfNP	The HeadFunction is a function of an adjective or participle that can serve as the focus of the phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	HesternalPast	HesternalPastTense locates the situation in question somewhere in the span beginning with the period defined culturally as 'yesterday' and extends back through some period that is considered nonremote (Comrie 1985:87-88; Dahl 1985:126).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	HodiernalFuture	HodiernalFutureTense locates the situation in question after the moment of utterance within the span culturally defined as 'today' (Comrie 1985: 86; Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 247).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	HodiernalPast	HodiernalPastTense locates the situation in question before the moment of utterance within the span culturally defined as 'today' (Comrie 1985:87; Dahl 1985:125-126).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Homograph	Word that is written like another, but that has a different pronunciation, meaning, and/or origin.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Homonym	Word that sounds the same and is written the same as another word but is different in meaning.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Homophone	Word that sounds like another word, but is different in writiing or meaning.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Honorific	special form of language used when talking about those in positions of social situation (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2347)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	HonorificCommonNoun	Dzongkha uses honorific forms: ན་བཟའ་/nam za/ (cloths) is the honorific form of the noun གོ་ ལ་/gola/(cloths), གསངས་/sung/(tell) the honorific form of the verb སབ་/lab/(tell).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	HonorificVerb	Dzongkha uses honorific forms: ན་བཟའ་/nam za/ (cloths) is the honorific form of the noun གོ་ ལ་/gola/(cloths), གསངས་/sung/(tell) the honorific form of the verb སབ་/lab/(tell).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	HortativeModality	A term sometimes used in the grammatical analysis of verbs, to refer to a type of modal meaning in which an exhortation is made.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Human
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Hyphen	Punctuation that is graphically presented as "-".
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Ideophone	Ideophones are marked words that depict sensory imagery.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IllativeCase	IllativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location into which another referent is moving.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Image	graphical representation (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2249)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ImmediateFuture	ImmediateFutureTense, also called 'close future', locates the situation in question shortly after the moment of utterance (Dahl 1985:121; Comrie 1985:94; Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 244-245).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ImmediatePast	ImmediatePastTense locates the situation in question at a time considered very recent in relation to the moment of utterance (Comrie 1985: 87).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ImperativeModality	Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a command, request, or exhortation (OED).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ImperativeMood	Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a command, request, or exhortation (OED).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ImperativeVerb	An imperative verb is used to express commands, direct requests, and prohibitions.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Imperfect	Verb tense that refers to action in the past that is incomplete or ongoing.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ImperfectiveAspect	The Imperfective aspect is an aspect that expresses an event or state, with respect to its internal structure, instead of expressing it as a simple whole.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ImpersonalPassive	A Passive that alters the mapping of a nominal to the Subject relation in a basic intransitive structure (Klaiman 1991:23) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ImpersonalPassive)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ImpersonalPronoun	Pronoun lacking person referent.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ImpersonalVerb	An impersonal verb is a verb that - occurs only in third person singular forms - has no specified agent , and - has a dummy subject or no subject.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Impossible	to denote something that cannot be considered as being correct in a given language
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InablativeCase	InablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from within which another referent is moving.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InallativeCase	InallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is inside the referent of the noun it marks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Inanimate	Perceived as not living.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InanimateGender	One of the two grammatical genders, or noun classes, of Nishnaabemwin, the other being animate.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InceptiveAspect	InceptiveAspect, also called the ingressive, encodes the beginning portion of some event (Bybee 1985: 147, 149; Payne 1997: 240; Bhat 1999:176).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InchoativeAspect	Aspect that expresses the beginning of an event or state.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Inclusive	the form denoting that the addressee (addressees) are included into the set of their referents which contain also the speaker
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InclusiveEmphaticParticle	In Urdu, bhî is an emphatic particle meaning 'even'.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IncorporatingAntipassive	Blocks the P or logical object (basic absolutive) nominal from being assigned Focus salience.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Indefinite	An entity is specified as indefinite when it refers to a non-particularized individual of the species denoted by the noun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IndefiniteArticle	An indefinite article is used before singular nouns that refer to any member of a group.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IndefiniteCardinalQuantifier	ndefiniteCardinalNumeral: A word used to express imprecise quantity.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IndefiniteDeterminer	An indefinite determiner is a determiner that expresses a referent's indefinite number or amount, i.e.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IndefiniteMultiplicativeQuantifier	A word indicating imprecise number of times something happened.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IndefinitePronoun	An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that belongs to a class whose members indicate indefinite reference.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IndefiniteQuantifier	In the Czech and Slovak MTE v4 specs, Numeral/Class="indefinite" are items meaning `several/some', etc.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IndicativeMood	The indicative is the unmarked mood.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IndicativeVerb	Indicative mood is used in factual statements.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IndirectObject	An indirect object is a grammatical relation that is one means of expressing the semantic role of goal and other similar roles.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InessiveCase	InessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location within which another referent exists.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Infinitive	An infinitive is the base form of a verb.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InfinitiveParticle	Particle used to express infinitive.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InfinitiveVerbPhrase	VGINF Infinitival Verb Chunk This tag is to mark the infinitival verb form.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Infix	Affix inserted in the middle of a word to change its meaning or part of speech value.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Inflected	see subclasses
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InflectedWithOvertMarker	An inflected form with overt morphological marking (as opposed to the base form and lexemes that do not inflect at all).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InfrequentlyUsed	Said of a term that does not appear frequently.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ing	English verb forms ending in '-ing' that represent either Gerunds or Participles.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InHouseRegister	Register of terms that are company-specific and not readily recognized outside this environment.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Initial	When two distinct words occur, as in German "weder...noch...", then the first is given the Initial value.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InitialCoordinatingConjunction	When two distinct words occur, as in German "weder...noch...", then the first is given the Initial value.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InitialField	In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Initialism
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InstrumentalCase	InstrumentalCase indicates that the referent of the noun it marks is the means of the accomplishment of the action expressed by the clause (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Instrumental)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InstrumentNoun	noun expressing an instrument of the action
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InstrumentRole	SemanticRole added in conformance with TIGER
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Intensifier	For Hindi, words like 'bahuta', 'kama', etc.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IntensiveNoun	noun that emphasizes another noun
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterablativeCase	InterablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from between which another referent is moving.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterallativeCase	InterallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is in the middle of the referent of the noun it marks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InteressiveCase	InteressiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location between which another referent exists.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Interjection	An interjection is a form, typically brief, such as one syllable or word, which is used most often as an exclamation or part of an exclamation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterlativeCase	InterlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location between which another referent is moving.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterminativeCase	'into in(side of)'.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterrogativeAdverb	Interrogative adverbs are used to introduce questions, e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterrogativeCardinalQuantifier	interrogativeCardinalNumeral: An interrogative/relative word used to ask about quantity.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterrogativeDeterminer	A interrogative is a function word used to introduce an interrogative clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterrogativeModality	The interrogative modality serves to indicate interrogative quality.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterrogativeMultiplicativeQuantifier	An interrogative/relative word used to ask about the number of times something happened.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterrogativeParticle	Particle used to express a question.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterrogativePronoun	A interrogative pronoun is a pro-form that is used in questions in place of the item questioned for.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterrogativePunctuation	Punctuation used when the sentence is interrogative.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterrogativeQuantifier	In the Czech and Slovak MTE v4 pecs, Numeral/Class="interrogative" are items meaning `how many/much', etc.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InterterminativeCase	InterterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the middle of the referent of the noun it marks, but not through it.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IntertranslativeCase	IntertranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory between the referent of the noun it marks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Intransitive	A predicate/verb that takes one argument, e.g., English "to go", cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IntransitiveSubject	Intransitive argument (S), single argument of an intransitive verb or only argument in a one-place predicate (frame).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IntranslativeCase	IntranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving through the referent of the noun it marks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InverseVoice	Signals when actions proceed from ontologically less salient to more salient participants (Klaiman 1991:32) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/InverseVoice)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InvertedComma	Inverted comma.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	InvertedQuestionMark	Punctuation used in certain languages at the beginning of an interrogative sentence.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IronicRegister	Register for irony.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IrrealisModality	Irrealis modality indicates the situation to which it pertains is non-actual or non-factual.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IrrealisMood	Irrealis modality indicates the situation to which it pertains is non-actual or non-factual.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ItCleft	-CLF (cleft) — marks it-clefts (“true” clefts) and may be added to the labels S, SINV, or SQ.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	IterativeAspect	IterativeAspect, also called repetitives, encodes a number of events of the same type that are repeated on a particular occasion.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Izafat	The izāfat (pronounced as a shorter form of –ē–) is an enclitic of Persian origin which is used in Farsi and neighboring languages.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LativeCase	LativeCase expresses 'motion up to the location of,' or 'as far as' the referent of the noun it marks (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 121; Gove, et al.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LayoutElement
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LeftDislocationField	The German Linksversetzungsfeld is a field for the left-dislocated phrase of resumptive constructions.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LeftParentheticalPunctuation	Beginning of a paired punctuation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LeftSentenceBracket	In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Letter	Letter.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LetterNumeral	Numeral expressed with letters.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Lexeme	Minimal unit of language which : has a semantic interpretation and embodies a distinct cultural concept.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LexicalUnit	A LexicalUnit is a grammatical expression that is known to the speakers of that language as a conventional expression of a particular concept.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LightVerb	In linguistics, a light verb is a verb participating in complex predication that has little semantic content of its own, but provides through inflection some details on the event semantics, such as aspect, mood, or tense.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ListMarker	LST — List marker.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LocationAdverb
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LocationalCase	Category of case that denotes that the referent of the noun it marks is a location.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LocationRole	Semantic role for the final location of action or a time of the action.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LocativeCase	Case that indicates a final location of action or a time of the action.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LocativePassive	An oblique locative nominal assumes the subject relation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	LocativePronoun	A Locative pronoun is a pronoun, which locates the object of a noun or place of anything.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Macron	Mark placed over a long vowel to mark quantity.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MainClause	MainClause is the class of clauses that can stand on their own as a full, independent sentence.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MainPunctuation	Punctuation that is more important than a secondary punctuation with regards to sentence splitting in a text.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MainVerb	Main verb in contrast to a modal or an auxiliary.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MalefactiveCase	Opposite of BenefactiveCase; used when the marked noun is negatively affected in the clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MalefactorRole	A maleficiary (malefactor) instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who stands to undergoe a misfortune, or be at a disadvantage in some way from the event.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MannerAdverb
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MannerNoun	noun expressing a manner
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MannerRole	Manner applies to constituents that denote how something is carried out.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Masculine	Masculine gender is a grammatical gender that marks nouns, articles, pronouns, etc.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Masdar	property that expresses a verbal idea under an abstract form.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MassNoun	A mass noun (also uncountable noun or non-count noun) can't be modified by a numeral, occur in singular/plural or co-occur with the relevant kind of determiner.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MeasureArgument	added in conformance with TIGER
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MediopassiveVoice	voice which subsumes both the middle voice and the passive voice
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MentalAbilitiveModality	MentalAbilitiveModality indicates that an agent has the capacity to perform some mental action [Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 192; Palmer 2001: 77].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MiddleField	In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MiddleVoice	A verb that appears active but expresses a passive action may be called middle voice, e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MixedInflection	German mixed inflection takes its name from the fact that it has endings from both the strong inflection and the weak inflection.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ModalityMarkingAdverb	A modality-marking adverb is a verbal particle that serves to indicate mood, aspect and/or tense (cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ModalParticle	Particle which functions as a modal.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ModalVerb	Verb form that is usually used with another verb to express ideas such as possibilities, permission, or intention.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ModernUsage	Currently in use.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Modifier	added in conformance with TIGER
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ModifierAdverb	Adverb/Type="modifier" is used in the English, Romanian and Hungarian MTE v4 specs.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Morpheme	A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MorphologicalParticle	added in accordance with TIGER MorphologicalParticle
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Multal	Multal is a number property that refers to a large number of individuals.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MultipleNumeral	A Multiple Numeral serves to define a complex whole, with respect to the number of its parts, e.g., English "twofold", "twice" or "manyfold".
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MultiplicativeCase	The multiplicative case is a grammatical case used for marking a number of something ("three times").
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	MultiplicativeMarker	In Urdu, multiplicative numerals are formed by adding the suffix gunâ (Schmidt 1999, p.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NamedEntity	segment of text for which one or many rigid designators stands for the referent (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2275)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NAMESPACE	The namespace of the vocabulary as a resource
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NearFuture	adopted from GOLD, no definition given there (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NearFuture)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NecessitativePassive	A passive in Irish in which the preposition "with" is used, and a semantic meaning of necessity is added.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Negation	denotes the negation or the absence (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1839) http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Negated: Negative="yes" encodes negative verbal word-forms in Slavic languages and Estonian.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NegativeAdverb	Adverb/Type="negative" are used in the Serbian and Romanian MTE v4 specs, e.g., for Romanian nicăieri - nowhere, niciodată - never.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NegativeDeterminer	Determiner/Type="negative" (Romanian)<br/> In Romanian the negative determiner is expressed by the unit nici + indefinite article (e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NegativeParticle	Particle used to express negation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NegativePronoun	Pronoun used in a context of a negation or for expressing a negation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Neuter	Neuter gender is a grammatical gender that includes those nouns, articles, pronouns, etc.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NeutralRegister	The register appropriate to general texts or discourse.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Nominal	-NOM (nominal) — marks free (“headless”) relatives and gerunds when they act nominally.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NominalizedVerb	A non-finite embedded construction which contains features with nominal properties (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#withNominalProperites, with reference to Dik 1997)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NominalNumber	Nominal numbers are used to identify or refer the things.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NominalPredicate	A nominal predicate (noun or adjective), either with or without copula.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NominalQuantifier	A noun which quantifies one or more things, regardless of subject and an object.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Nominative	In nominative-accusative languages, nominative case marks clausal subjects and is applies to nouns in isolation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonabsolutiveAntipassive	An Antipassive in which the P or logical object is overtly downgraded.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonAgentiveVerb	A non-agentive verb is a type of verb, which indicates an action without the doer.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonEmphatic	In languages where emphasis can be grammatically marked, the unmarked form would be considered NonEmphatic, see #Emphatic
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonFiniteEmbeddedConstruction	An embedded construction which contains a non-finite verb form (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#non-finiteEmbeddedConstruction with reference to Dik 1997)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonFiniteVerb	Verb forms occurring on their own only in dependent clauses and lacking tense and mood contrasts.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonfiniteVerbPhrase
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonInitial	When two distinct words occur, as in German weder...noch..., then the second is given the Non-initial value.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonInitialCoordinatingConjunction	When two distinct words occur, as in German weder...noch..., then the second is given the Non-initial value.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonInversePassive	An agent-demoting voice construction where the realization of the demoted agent is not obligatory (against Inverse).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonNegated	Non-negated verbs carry no morphological marks of negation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonpromotionalInverseVoice	Involves demotion of the non-topical obviate-agent from subjecthood.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonreducedInflection	Nonreduced adjective inflection of Slavic languages, e.g., Czech nejubožejšími/ubohý, nejvyspělejších/vyspělý, nejvyšších/vysoký, nejvznešenějšímu/vznešený, nejvážnějšímu/vážný, nejvýznamnějších/významný, nejvýznamnějšími/významný, nejvýznamnějšímu/významný, největšími/velký (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CompoundAdjective)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonReflexive	A non-reflexive verb is a verb whose semantic agent and patient (typically represented syntactically by the subject and the direct object) are not the same.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonSeparable	Non-separable verbs are not composed of a verb stem and a separable affix.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Nonspecific	"By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonspecificArticle	"By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NonspecificPronoun	In the Russian MTE v4 specs, Pronoun/Type="nonspecific" marks the following Russian words: весь 'all', всякий 'any, every', сам 'oneself', самый 'the very', каждый 'every, each', иной 'other', любой 'any', другой 'other'.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NotTemporallyAnchored	To be used for actions that are not bound to a particular reference point.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Noun	A noun, or noun substantive, is a part of speech (a word or phrase) which can co-occur with (in)definite articles and attributive adjectives, and function as the head of a noun phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NounHeadedPhrase	A NounHeadedPhrase takes a nominal as its (semantic) head.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NounPhrase	At phrase level, the noun phrase is probably the least problematic of the categories to be dealt with.
static final String	NS	The namespace of the vocabulary as a string
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NucleonicMiddle	Object of action belongs to.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Numeral	A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as an adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number, and relation to the number, such as one of the following: Quantity, Sequence, Frequency, Fraction.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NumeralBoth	Numeric value for two.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	NumeralModifier	A nominal is modified by a numeral.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ObjectiveCase	Case used to express the direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, object complement and subject of an infinitive.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ObligativeModality	ObligativeModality indicates that an agent is required to perform the action expressed by the predicate [Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 177; Palmer 2001: 71].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ObliqueCase	Case that is used when a noun is the object of a verb or a proposition, except for nominative and vocative case.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ObliquePassive	A Passive in which a basic Oblique nominal assumes the Subject relation in a corresponding nonbasic configuration.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ObliqueRole	A semantic role which is not straightforward.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OldUsage	Used in the past.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OmittedUnit	*U* â ´ unit ...
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OnceNoun	noun conveying the meaning that the action is performed once
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OpenAngleBracket	< *LAB* Left angle bracket (Santorini 1991)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OpenBracket	Punctuation that is represented graphically as [ (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2082)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OpenCurlyBracket	Punctuation that is graphically represented as { (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2084)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OpenParenthesis	Beginning of a pair of parenthesis.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OpenQuote	quotation mark, opening
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OpenSquareBracket	[ *LSB* Left square bracket (Santorini 1991)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OptativeModality	Optative indicates that the speaker wishes or hopes that the expressed proposition be the case (Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 179; Palmer 2001: 204).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OptativeMood	Optative indicates that the speaker wishes or hopes that the expressed proposition be the case (Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 179; Palmer 2001: 204).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OrdinalAdjective	Adjective expressing a numeric ranking.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OrdinalNumber	An ordinal number is a number belonging to a class whose members designate positions in a sequence, e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OtherAnimacy	Perceived as related to animacy, but without specific reference to the previous items.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	OtherSourceEvidentiality	An indication that the source of information is someone other than the speaker.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ParentheticalPunctuation	Parenthetical elements are dominated by a node labeled PRN.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Participle	A participle is a lexical item, derived from a verb that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ParticipleAdjective	Adjective based on a verb.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Particle	synonym of Unique, to be avoided because of its divergent definitions (Chiarcos)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ParticleAdverb	Word that is both an adverb and a particle.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PartitiveArticle	A partitive article indicates an indefinite quantity of a mass noun; there is no partitive article in English, though the words some or any often have that function.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PartitiveCase	The partitive case is a grammatical case which denotes "partialness", "without result", or "without specific identity".
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PartitiveDeterminer	A partitive determiner indicates an indefinite quantity of a mass noun; there is no partitive article in English, though the words some or any often have that function.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PassiveVoice	When the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action, it is said to be in the passive voice.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Past	The past tense is a verb tense expressing action, activity, state or being in the past.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PastInFuture	Locates the situation in question in the future, prior to a reference time in the future.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PastParticiple
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PastParticipleAdjective	Adjective based on a past participle.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PastPerfectTense	Past perfect tense is an absolute-relative tense that refers to a time in the past relative to a reference point, which itself is in the past relative to the moment of utterance (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPastPerfectTense.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1348)denoting a tense of verbs used in relating past events where the action had already occurred at the time of the action of a main verb that is itself in a past tense.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PathRole	added in accordance with TIGER way (directional modifier)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PatientRole	A patient instantiates the role of an entity which undergoes a change of state (Cruse 2000:284) http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#patientRole
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Paucal	Number that specifies 'a few' things.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PaucalQuantifier	Quantifiers that enforce paucal agreement.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PejorativeEvaluative	An evaluative property of a noun that indicates the speaker regards the person or object being referred to with distaste, contempt, or displeasure [Valentine 2001: 190-193].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Perfect	A verb tense that refers to completed action in the past.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PerfectiveAspect	The perfective aspects (inceptive, punctual and completive) view the situation as a bounded entity, and often put an emphasis on its beginning or end.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PeriodicAdjective	It is an adjective, which expresses the time or period of the circumstances, while modifying a noun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PerlativeCase	PerlativeCase expresses that something moved 'through','across', or 'along' the referent of the noun that is marked (Blake 1998: 38, 203).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PermissiveModality	PermissiveModality indicates that an agent has permission to perform the action expressed by the predicate [Palmer 2001: 10, 71].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Personal	Property that refers to the person.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PersonalPassive	A Passive in which the argument mapped to Object in a basic structural configuration assumes the Subject relation in a corresponding nonbasic configuration.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PersonalPronoun	A personal pronoun is a pronoun that expresses a distinction of person deixis.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PersReflPronoun	In Eagles personal and reflexive pronouns are brought together as a single value Pers./Refl.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PhasalAspect	A set of aspectual distinctions involving relations between a background situation (the reference situation) and a situation located relative to the reference situation (the denoted situation).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Phrase	Phrase is the class of syntactic constructions that consist of one or more syntactic words, but lack the subject-predicate organization of a clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Phraseme	Conventional lexical unit consisting of a particular phrase (CC)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PhysicalAbilitiveModality	PhysicalAbilitiveModality indicates that an agent has the physical capacity to perform some action.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PlaceNoun	noun expressing a location
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PlainMiddle	Results of action occur to subject.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PluperfectTense	PastInPast tense locates the situation in question prior to a reference time in the past.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Plural	Plural is a grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PluralQuantifier	A PluralQuantifier is a Quantifier (or Numeral) that specifies a large multitude of entities.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Point	Sign (.) used to expresses the end of a sentence or an abbreviation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PointOfViewAspect	point of view aspect (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#viewPointAspect)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PoliteSecondPersonPronoun	In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PositionerRole	The entity controlling a Position (Dik, 1997:118) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#positionerRole)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Positive	Value used in a comparison relationship when no comparison is involved.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PossessedCase	PossessedCase is used to mark the noun whose referent is possessed by the referent of another noun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PossessionMarker	In Urdu, wālā can be added to substantives to derive nouns implying possession or general relationships, e.g., go-wāl, or go-wālā, s.m.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Possessive	Relative to the possession or association.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PossessiveAdjective	Adjective/Type="possessive" are denominal, not pronominal expressions of possession (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/09).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PossessiveArticle	In Romanian, the possessive article (also called genitival article) is an element in the structure of the possessive pronoun, of the ordinal numeral (e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PossessiveDeterminer	A possessive determiner is a part of speech that modifies a noun by attributing ownership to someone or something.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PossessiveParticle	Particle expressing ownship.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PossessivePronoun	A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that expresses relationships like ownership, such as kinship, and other forms of association.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PossessiveRelativePronoun	A relative pronoun whose antecedent is the possessor of the subject or object in the relative clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PossessorRole	Semantic role as used by the Stanford Dependency Parser
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Possible	Value that denotes a linguistic situation considered as being correct in the given language
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PostHodiernalFuture	PostHodiernalFutureTense locates the situation in question after the span that is culturally defined as 'today' (Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 247).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PostNominalModifier	Postmodifying is a function of an adjective that can modify, describe, or qualify a preceding noun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Postposition	A postposition is an adposition that occurs after its complement.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PragmaticInverseVoice	If the agent is more topical than the patient, the direct-active clause is used.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Predicate	The predicate is the relation between the Clause and a portion of a clause, excluding the subject, that expresses something about the subject (Crystal 1980: 280; Hartmann and Stork 1972: 182; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 173; Pike and Pike 1982: 40; Mish et al.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PredicativeAdjective	A predicative adjective is one which functions as part of the predicate of a sentence.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PreferredEvaluative	An evaluative property of a noun that indicates the speaker regards the person or object being referred to with favor or admiration.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Prefix	Affix added before a word to change its meaning or part of speech.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PreHodiernalPast	PreHodiernalPastTense locates the situation in question before that of a contrasting HodiernalPastTense.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PreNominalModifier	Premodifying is a function of an adjective that can modify a following noun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Preposition	A preposition is an adposition that occurs before its complement.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PrepositionalAdverb	adverb which is very similar in its form to a preposition
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PrepositionalCase	In many grammars, the term "prepositional case" is to refer to case marking that only occurs in combination with prepositions.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PrepositionalObject	Prepositional object
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PrepositionalPhrase	A sequence of a preposition and its complement is a prepositional phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Present	Present tense refers to the moment of utterance.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PresentativePronoun	pronoun that identify the current locative or temporal situation
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PresentParticiple
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PresentParticipleAdjective	Adjective based on a present participle.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PresumptiveModality	The presumptive mood is used in Romanian to express presupposition or hypothesis regarding the fact denoted by the verb, as well as other more or less similar attitudes: doubt, curiosity, concern, condition, indifference, inevitability.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PresumptiveMood	The presumptive mood is used in Romanian to express presupposition or hypothesis regarding the fact denoted by the verb, as well as other more or less similar attitudes: doubt, curiosity, concern, condition, indifference, inevitability.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PreverbalParticle
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ProcessedRole	The entity that undergoes a Process (Dik, 1997:118).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ProgressiveAspect	ProgressiveAspect, also called the continuative or the durative, encodes a single event as an ongoing process.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ProgressivePassive	A passive in Irish in which the preposition "at" is used, and a semantic meaning of progressive tense is found (Noonan 1994:280) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ProgressivePassive)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ProlativeCase	Case for a noun or a pronoun that expresses motion within a place or a period of time needed for an event.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PromotionalInverseVoice	Involves promotion of the topical proximate-patient to subjecthood.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PronominalAdverb	Pronominal adverbs substitute for a preposition (which is incorporated into them) and an NP, cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Pronoun	A pronoun is a pro-form which functions like a noun and substitutes for a noun or a noun-phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PronounOrDeterminer	The parts of speech Pronoun, Determiner and Article heavily overlap in their formal and functional characteristics, and different analyses for different languages entail separating them out in different ways.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ProperNoun	Proper nouns (also called proper names) are the names of unique entities.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ProprietiveCase	Proprietive case marks a possessional relation, i.e.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ProQuantifier	A ProQuantifier is a quantifier derived from a pronominal element.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Proximal	The referent denoted by a distal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English that) is usually spatially more remote or discoursally less salient as compared to a referent denoted by a proximal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English this) (Chiarcos)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PseudopassiveVoice	voice in a specify passive construction (different from the regular passive) where the patient is the syntactic subject and agent is the syntactic object
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Punctuation	Punctuation marks (PU) are treated here as a part of morphosyntactic annotation, as it is very common for punctuation marks to be tagged and to be treated as equivalent to words for the purposes of automatic tag assignment.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PurposeRole	-PRP (purpose or reason) â ´ marks purpose or reason clauses and PPs.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PurposiveAspect	The purposive aspect appears to add the notion of intention or probability, both negative and positive.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	PurposiveCase	Purposive marks the goal of an activity, e.g., 'going out FOR (i.e.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Quadrial	Property related to four elements.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Qualifier	Also called MODIFIER : A word or phrase that qualifies the sense of another word; for example, the noun alarm is a modifier of clock in "alarm clock" and the phrase every day is an adverbial modifier of walks in "he walks every day" (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=modifier; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1373)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	QualifierAdjective	Adjective used to qualify.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	QuantificationalAspect	A speaker may report an event as occurring once only (semelfactive) or several times (iterative); he may view it as a specific event or as part of a general habit of carrying out similar events; he may also differentiate between different degrees of frequency with which the event occurs.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Quantifier	A quantifier is a determiner that expresses a referent's definite or indefinite number or amount.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Question	There are two types of questions: direct questions (which are main clauses ending with a question mark) and indirect questions (which are subordinate clauses embedded under a verb).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	QuestionMark	Sign used to express a question.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	QuestionPredicate	SQ â ´ Inverted yes/no question, or main clause of a wh-question, following the wh-phrase in SBARQ.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	QuestionWord	A proform that is used in questions to stand for the item questioned.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	QuotativeModality	A quotative is grammatical device to mark reported speech in some languages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotative), e.g., in Estonian.<br/> ‘Reportedly, while he was going (in his boat), he turned over.’ Ta olevat oma paadiga ümber läinud He was_QUOTATIVE his_own boat_WITH over gone.<br/> (Estonian translation of an example given under http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuotativeEvidential.htm) (Heiki-Jaan.Kaalep, email 2010/06/22)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	QuotativeMood	A quotative is grammatical device to mark reported speech in some languages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotative), e.g., in Estonian.<br/> ‘Reportedly, while he was going (in his boat), he turned over.’ Ta olevat oma paadiga ümber läinud He was_QUOTATIVE his_own boat_WITH over gone.<br/> (Estonian translation of an example given under http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuotativeEvidential.htm) (Heiki-Jaan.Kaalep, email 2010/06/22)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	QuotativeVerb	A quotative is grammatical device to mark reported speech in some languages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotative), e.g., in Estonian.<br/> ‘Reportedly, while he was going (in his boat), he turned over.’ Ta olevat oma paadiga ümber läinud He was_QUOTATIVE his_own boat_WITH over gone.<br/> (Estonian translation of an example given under http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuotativeEvidential.htm) (Heiki-Jaan Kaalep, email 2010/06/22)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Quote	Punctuation usually used to surround a quotation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RarelyUsed	Said of a term that is almost never used.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RecentPast	RecentPastTense locates the situation in question prior to the present moment, but by culturally and situationally defined criteria, usually within the span ranging from yesterday to a week or a few months previous (Comrie 1985:87; Dahl 1985:121-122).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RecipientRole	A recipient instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who recieves an entity in some way from the event.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ReciprocalMiddle	Referents of plural subject do action to one another.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ReciprocalPronoun	A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun that expresses a mutual feeling or action among the referents of a plural subject.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ReducedInflection	Reduced adjective inflection of Slavic languages, e.g., Czech e.g., brillská/brillský, neznámo/neznámý, samo/sám, samy/sám (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NominalAdjective)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ReducedRelativeClause	RRC (reduced relative clause) Reduced relative clauses are adjoined to the NP they modify.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Reduplication	process to modify the sense of a word by some operations to repeat the sound of a word.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ReferentialVoice	entails assignment of the absolutive to certain kinds of arguments other than the logical subjects (A) and objects (P), including the dative, benefactive, malefactive, and possessor.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Reflexive	A reflexive verb is a verb whose semantic agent and patient (typically represented syntactically by the subject and the direct object) are the same.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ReflexiveDeterminer	Determiner that refers to the same entity.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ReflexiveMiddle	Reflexive middle makes use of grammatical devices that normally indicate reflexivity.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ReflexivePassive	A Passive construction which contains reflexive markings.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ReflexivePossessiveDeterminer	Attributive possessive pronoun form of the reflexive pronoun, e.g., Russian свой: Обама на свой день рождения угощал гостей стейками и хот-догами.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ReflexivePronoun	A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that has coreference with the subject.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ReflexiveVoice	The reflexive voice is a grammatical voice in which the subject is both the agent and the patient or recipient.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelationalAdjective	The Slovene adjective expresses three main ideas: quality (qualitative adjectives, kakovostni pridevniki), relation (relational adjectives, vrstni pridevniki) and possession (possessive adjectives, svojilni pridevniki).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelationNoun	relation noun (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2226)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativeAdjective	Relative adjectives express similarity or a comparison.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativeAdverb	The value relative is used for adverbs in clear relative cases as in: "The place 'where' I met you.", "The reason 'why' I did it." (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/pub/eagles/lexicons/elm_en.ps.gz, p.33, 07.05.07)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativeClause	A relative clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativeDeterminer	The relative determiner describes a attributive relative pronoun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativeModality	Mood to express reported speech (or indirect speech) as opposed to direct speech.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativeMood	Mood to express reported speech (or indirect speech) as opposed to direct speech.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativeParticle	relative particle (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2229)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativePast	RelativePastTense locates the situation in question before that of a contextually determined temporal reference point (Comrie 1985: 104).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativePresent	RelativePresentTense locates the situation in question simultaneously with some contextually determined temporal reference point.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativePronoun	A relative pronoun is a pronoun that marks a relative clause, functions grammatically within the relative clause, and is coreferential to the word modified by the relative clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativeQuantifier	In the Czech MTE v4 specs, Numeral/Class="relative" are items meaning `how many/much', `as many/much' etc.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelativeTense	Relative tense is a tense that refers to a time in relation to a contextually determined temporal reference point, regardless of the latter’s temporal relation to the moment of utterance.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RelevanceAspect	relevance aspect (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#relevanceAspect)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RemoteFuture	RemoteFutureTense locates the situation in question at a time that is considered relatively distant.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RemotePast	RemotePastTense locates the situation in question prior to the present moment, usually more than a few days ago (Dahl 1985:121; Comrie 1985:88).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RepetitiveCoordinatingConjunction	Conjunction/Coord_Type="repetit" (Romanian).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Residual	The residual value (R) is assigned to classes of text words which lie outside the traditionally accepted range of grammatical classes, although they occur quite commonly in many texts and very commonly in some.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RhetoricalModifier	added in conformance with TIGER
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RightParentheticalPunctuation	End of a paired punctuation.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	RomanNumeral	Numeral expressed with roman digits.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Root	base of a word (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2231)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Script	Set of graphic characters used for the written form of one or more languages.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Second	Refers to the person(s) the speaker is addressing (Crystal 1997: 285).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SecondaryPunctuation	Punctuation that is not very important with regards to sentence splitting in a text.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SecondFamiliar	In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SecondHonorific
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SecondNonHonorific
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SecondPersonPronoun	Second person deixis means deictic reference to a person or persons identified as addressee.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SecondPolite	In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SemanticInverseVoice	If the agent outranks the patient on the relevant generic topic hierarchy, the direct-active clause is used.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SemelfactiveAspect	Momentaneous, without an inherent end-point, as sneeze (Michaelis 1998:xvi).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SemiColon	Sign (;) usually used to separate phrases.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Sentence	The maximal, syntactically independent, segments into which a text is subdivided, for parsing purposes, are normally considered to be sentences.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SentenceFinalPunctuation	SentenceFinalPunctuation are .
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SentenceMedialPunctuation	SentenceMedialPunctuation are , ; : - .
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Separable	A separable verb is a verb that is composed of a verb stem and a separable affix.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SeparablePrefix	separable verb prefix, e.g., "Auch die Vertreter der AfB [stimmten] den 86 Millionen [zu]."
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Sequel	Adopted from ILPOSTS for Indian languages.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ShortDefiniteArticle	For definiteness, when a specific form is not the syntactic subject of the clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Simple	Simple applies to the regular type of coordinator occurring between conjuncts: German und, for example.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SimpleAspect	non-progressive, non-purposive aspect (for Indian languages defined by http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#SimpleAspect)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SimpleCoordinatingConjunction	In the Romanian MTE v4 specs, Conjunction/Coord_Type="simple" is defined in contrast to repetitive and correlative coordinating conjunctions.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SimpleFuture	FutureTense locates the situation in question after the present moment, with no specification on the distance in time.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SimplePast	PastTense locates the situation in question prior to the present moment, with no specification on the distance in time (Comrie 1985).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SimplePreposition	Preposition that is a pure simple word in contrast with the notion of fused preposition.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Singular	Singular is a grammatical number denoting a unit quantity (as opposed to the plural and other forms).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SingularQuantifier	A singular quantifier is a quantifier or a numeral that specifies a single referent from a set.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SlangRegister	An extremely informal register of a word, term, or text that is used in spoken and everyday language and less commonly in documents.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Slash	The punctuation sign / (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1437)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SociativeCase	Case related to the person in whose company the action is carried out, or to any belongings of people which take part in the action.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SourceRole	A source role instantiates the origin of an event or entity.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Space	Empty area between words, lines or columns (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2189)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SpatiotemporalNoun	Noun denoting spatial and temporal expressions "A tag NST has been included to cover an important phenomenon of Indian languages.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Specific	"By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SpecificArticle	"By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	StatusConstructus	morphological form of the nominal head of noun+noun-phrases which in spite of a missing determiner (article) is invariably understood as semantically determined.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Stem	Root of a word, together with any derivational affixes, to which inflectional affixes are added.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	StillPresent	StillPresentTense is similar to PresentTense but carries the presupposition that an event or state held before the moment of utterance.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	StrictAuxiliaryVerb	Non-modal, non-copular auxiliary verb.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	String	Character string to be interpreted in context
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Strong	Strong pronouns are different from the weak pronouns (cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	StrongInflection	In German (and other Germanic languages), when gender, number and case are not expressed by a determiner, the adjective takes the endings of the strong inflection.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	StrongPersonalPronoun	Personal pronoun that can occupy the position after a preposition and/or reinforce a weak personal pronoun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	StructuralExpletive	Three different expletive usages [of the German expletive pronoun es] are traditionally distinguished: formal subject or object (expletive argument), correlate of an extraposed clausal argument (expletive correlate), and Vorfeld-es (structural expletive) (cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubablativeCase	SubablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from under which another referent is moving.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SuballativeCase	SuballativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is under the referent of the noun it marks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubessiveCase	SubessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location under which another referent exists.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubjunctiveModality	The subjunctive is the mood that is minimally marked as opposed to the indicative and that marks a clause as not directly representing an assertion of the speaker.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubjunctiveMood	The subjunctive is the mood that is minimally marked as opposed to the indicative and that marks a clause as not directly representing an assertion of the speaker.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubjunctiveParticle	In the Romanian MULTEXT-East scheme, a verbal particle with Particle/Type="future" modifies the verbs and marks the verb as being subjunctive, e.g., s-/să, să (Dan Tufis, email 2010/06/09, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#SubjunctiveParticle)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubjunctiveVerb	A subjunctive verb is typically used to expresses wishes, commands (in subordinate clauses), emotion, possibility, judgment, necessity, and statements that are contrary to fact at present.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SublativeCase	SublativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location under which another referent is moving toward.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubordinateClause	SubordinateClause is the class of clauses that cannot stand on their own as sentences.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubordinatingConjunction	Subordinating conjunctions, also called subordinators, are conjunctions that introduce a dependent clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubordinatingConjunctionWithComparative	For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "als" is followed by various kinds of comparative clause (including clauses without finite verbs).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubordinatingConjunctionWithFiniteClause	For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "weil" introduces a clause with a finite verb.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubordinatingConjunctionWithInfinite	For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "ohne" ("zu"...) is followed by an infinitive.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubordinatingConjunctionWithNegation	Conjunction/Sub_Type="negative" (Romanian, Serbian, Russian) In Romanian, each conjunction requires another mood, so that the diversity may be controlled by subcategorisation rules.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubordinatingConjunctionWithoutNegation	Conjunction/Sub_Type="negative" (Romanian, Serbian, Russian) In Romanian, each conjunction requires another mood, so that the diversity may be controlled by subcategorisation rules.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubordinatorField	In the German clause, the PARORD-field is the field for non-coordinating particles which optionally occur as the left-most element of a verb-second clause (Telljohann et al.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubstantiveAdjective	An adjective that modifies an implied, but not expressed, noun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubstitutivePronoun	non-attributive pronoun
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubterminativeCase	SubterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the region under the referent of the noun it marks, but not through that region.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SubtranslativeCase	SubtranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory underneath the referent of the noun it marks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Suffix	Affix added at the end of the word to change its meaning or part of speech.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SuperablativeCase	Superablative expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from over which another referent is moving.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SuperallativeCase	SuperallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is above the referent of the noun it marks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SuperessiveCase	SuperessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location on which another referent exists.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Superlative	The superlative of an adjective or adverb is a form of adjective or adverb which indicates that something has some feature to a greater degree than anything it is being compared to in a given context.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SuperlativeCase	SuperlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location onto which another referent is moving.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SuperlativeParticle	Particle expressing superlative degree.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SuperterminativeCase	SuperterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the region over the referent of the noun it marks, but not through that region.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SupertranslativeCase	SupertranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory above the referent of the noun it marks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Supine	Supine is a nonfinite form of motion verbs with functions similar to that of an infinitive (Angelika Adams)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SuspensionPoints	Sequence of three dots having the same meaning as "et cetera" (full form) or "etc" (abbreviated form).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Symbol	In morphosyntactic annotation schemes, a symbol is a single graphical sign that occurs in a written text with a conventionalized meaning but that does not represent a phoneme (like ordinary characters), an orthogaphic sign (punctuation), or a number.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SyntacticAdjunct	Prototypically, an optional (morpho)syntactic constituent.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SyntacticArgument	An inherent (morpho)syntactic constituent subcategorized for by a predicate.<br/> 'Arguments are those terms which are required by some predicate in order to form a complete nuclear predication.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SyntacticComplement	The complement is attached inside the VP, NP, ADJP, or PP.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SyntacticObject	In linguistics, the object of a transitive verb is one of its core arguments, which generally represents the target of the verb's action or the undergoer of its effects.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	SyntacticSubject	The subject of a sentence is one of the two main parts of a sentence, the other being the predicate.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TabooRegister	Register that expresses a situation that people avoid because it is extremely offensive or embarrassing.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TargetRole	The target role instantiates the destination of an event or entity.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TechnicalRegister	The register appropriate to scientific texts or special languages.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TemporalisCase	The so-called Temporalis Case is formed in Hungarian with -kor.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TemporallyDefinedUsage	Indication specifying whether the usage is old or modern.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TenseMarkingAuxiliary	An auxiliary that marks exclusively tense, e.g., in Urdu: Auxiliaries: Based on the syntactic nature of Urdu, auxiliaries are divided into two categories.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TenseMarkingParticle	Dzongkha has also a tense marker, which is not complicated like in other languages.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TerminativeAspect	Denotes the termination of an event (Bhat 1999: 92).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TerminativeCase	Case that indicates to what or where something ends.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Text	Series of sentences expressed in a natural language.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ThemeRole	Theme is a general term covering the notions of patient that means an entity affected by the action, of result that means an entity effected by the action, i.e.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Third	Third person is deictic reference to a referent(s) not identified as the speaker or addressee.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ThirdObviative	Obviative refers to one or more non-participants that are in some way further removed from the speaker than other non-particpants.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ThirdPersonPronoun	Third person reference is a deictic reference to a referent(s) not identified as the speaker or addressee.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ThirdProximative	Proximative refers to one or more non-participants that are in some way distinct/closer to the speaker than other non-particpants.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TimeNoun	noun expressing time
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TimeRole	Semantic role corresponding to the label "TIME" used by the Stanford Dependency Parser.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TimitiveModality	TimitiveMood expresses that the speaker fears something expressed in what is said (Palmer 2001: 13, 22).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TimitiveMood	TimitiveMood expresses that the speaker fears something expressed in what is said (Palmer 2001: 13, 22).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TitleInRunningText	-TTL (title) — is attached to the top node of a title when this title appears inside running text.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TitleNoun	A title designates the function or the social status of an individual.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Token	Character string surrounded by separators.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Topicalization	Topicalization structures are ones where a non-subject immediately precedes a subject, which immediately precedes the verb/auxiliary of the sentence.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Trace	T|Trace.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Transgressive	present (action in the same time as of the predicate): The dog going through the house barks.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Transitive	A predicate/verb that takes two arguments, e.g., English "to kiss", cf.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TransitiveObject	Second argument of a transitive verb, transitive object (P) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#P)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TransitiveSubject	First argument of a transitive or ditransitive verb.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	TranslativeCase	TranslativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun, or the quality of the adjective, that it marks is the result of a process of change (Lyons 1968: 299301, Gove, et al.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Trial	Grammatical number referring to 'three things', as opposed to 'singular' and 'plural'.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Typo	a mis-typed word
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	UnaccomplishedAspect	aspect that expresses an event or state that is not finished.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Uncountable	A mass noun (also uncountable noun or non-count noun) can't be modified by a numeral, occur in singular/plural or co-occur with the relevant kind of determiner.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	UndergoerMacroRole	The least agentive argument of the current clause (van Valin and Lapolla 1997), the designated object (from a semantic perspective).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Uninflected	In many inflecting languages, there occur lexemes whose form does not change throughout the paradigm, e.g., Russian papa "dad".
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Unique	Unique approximates the linguistic concept "Particle".
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	UniquitiveDeterminer	Determiner/Type="exceptional" is applied to the Persian uniquitive determiner تنها i.e., "the only" (MTE v4; Hamidreza Kobdani, email 2010/06/15, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#UniquitiveDeterminer)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	UnitNoun	Measuring units are frequently used with numerals.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Utterance	Complete unit of talk, bounded by the speaker's silence.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VegetableGender	Vegetable gender refers to inanimates and exists in some four-way gender systems, e.g., masculine, feminine, neuter, and vegetable as in Bininj Gun-wok [Evans 2003: 202].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Verb	A verb is a part of speech that usually denotes action ("bring", "read"), occurrence ("decompose", "glitter"), or a state of being ("exist", "stand").
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Verbal	In MULTEXT-East a characteristic of abbreviated verbs (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Verbal)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VerbalAdverb	Adverb/Type="verbal" applies to adverbs derived from from verbs (verbal adverbs) in the Serbian, Macedonian and Hungarian MTE v4 specs.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VerbalComplex	In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VerbalHead	A Verb (V) at the syntax layer is either a lexical (VLEX) or a copula verb (VCOP) at the POS layer.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VerbalNoun	A verbal noun is a noun formed directly as an inflexion of a verb or a verb stem, sharing at least in part its constructions.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VerbalParticle	A verbal particle modifies the verb and carries information on the verb form (e.g., finiteness, tense and aspect).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VerbalPredicate	The predicate of the clause is represented by a verbal lexeme.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VerbPhrase	This category is slightly more difficult to define, since there is disagreement over the extent of the verb phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VisualEvidentiality	VisualEvidentiality encodes the fact that the speaker came to believe the content of the expression through direct visual experience; they saw it [Palmer 2001: 57].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VocativeCase	Vocative case marks a noun whose referent is being addressed.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VocativeExpression	An expression referring to a person to which the utterance is addressed, e.g.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VoiceNoun	noun of a voice (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2253)
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VoiceParticle	E.g., the mediopassive (middle) voice marker se in the Portuguese EAGLES scheme.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VolitiveModality	VolitiveForce indicates that the speaker is willing to perform some action [Palmer 2001: 76].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	VulgarRegister	Register of a term or text type that can be characterized as profane or socially unacceptable.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	Weak	Weak pronouns are helping pronouns many languages have for easily explaining the possessive status of something, to which something belongs.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WeakInflection	German adjectives take the endings of the weak inflection when a determiner expresses number, gender and case.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WeakObligativeModality	WeakObligativeModality indicates that an agent is under a moral obligation to perform the action expressed by the predicate [Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 186-187].
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WeakPersonalPronoun	Personal pronoun that cannot occupy the position after a preposition and/or reinforce a strong personal pronoun.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WHAdjectivePhrase	WHADJP â ´ Wh-adjective Phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WHAdverbPhrase	WHADVP|Wh-adverb phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WHCleft	Wh-clefts are constructions in which a wh-clause functions as the subject of a sentence.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WHDeterminer
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WHNounPhrase	WHNP|Wh-noun phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WHPrepositionalPhrase	WHPP|Wh-prepositional phrase.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WHPronoun
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WHTypeAdverbs	Adverb that serves to express interrogativity, exclamation or that serves to link a subordinate clause to the matrix clause.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WithComparative	For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "als" is followed by various kinds of comparative clause (including clauses without finite verbs).
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WithFinite	For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "weil" introduces a clause with a finite verb.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WithInfinite	For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "ohne" ("zu"...) is followed by an infinitive.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	WordOrderInverse	SINV|Inverted declarative sentence, i.e.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	YesNoQuestion	There are two types of direct questions: yes-no questions and wh-questions.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ZeroComplementizer	0|Zero represents a zero complementizer (= subordinating conjunction); it may need to be deleted.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	ZeroPronoun	*|An asterisk represents a zero pronoun; it may need to be deleted.
static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource	zuInclusion	Inclusion of zu.

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor	Description
OliaOnt()

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
static String	getURI()	The namespace of the vocabulary as a string

Methods inherited from class Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Field Details

NS

public static final String NS

The namespace of the vocabulary as a string

See Also:

• Constant Field Values

NAMESPACE

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NAMESPACE

The namespace of the vocabulary as a resource

hasAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasAspect

hasCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasCase

hasChild

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasChild

In hierarchical relations, the parent is modelled as source, the child as target.

hasClusivity

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasClusivity

hasCoordType

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasCoordType

hasCountability

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasCountability

hasDefiniteness

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasDefiniteness

hasDegree

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasDegree

hasEmphasis

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasEmphasis

hasEvaluativeFeature

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasEvaluativeFeature

hasEvidentiality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasEvidentiality

hasGender

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasGender

hasInflectionType

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasInflectionType

hasModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasModality

hasMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasMood

hasNumber

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasNumber

hasNumeralAgreementClass

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasNumeralAgreementClass

hasObjectNumber

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasObjectNumber

Number of the object of a transitive verb. (Note that this does not entail of hasNumber).

hasObjectPerson

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasObjectPerson

person for the object of the verb (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2279)

hasOwnedNumber

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasOwnedNumber

Indication concerning the number of the possessed thing. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1930)

hasOwnerGender

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasOwnerGender

Indication concerning the gender of the person that ownes something. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1416)

hasOwnerNumber

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasOwnerNumber

The EAGLES-recommended attribute Possessive accounts for the fact that a possessive pronoun or possessive determiner may have two different numbers. This attribute handles the number which is inherent to the possessive form (e.g. Italian "(la) mia", "(la) nostra" as first-person singular and first-person plural) as contrasted with the number it has by virtue of agreeing with a particular noun (e.g. Italian "(la) mia", "(le) mie)". (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recc 20.11.06) Indication concerning the number of the person that ownes something. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1417) Inherent plural or singular of possessive pronouns and possessive determiners.

hasOwnerPerson

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasOwnerPerson

Indication concerning the person that ownes something. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1929)

hasParent

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasParent

In hierarchical relations, the parent is modelled as source, the child as target.

hasPerson

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasPerson

hasPolarity

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasPolarity

hasProximity

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasProximity

hasReduplicationType

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasReduplicationType

hasReferentType

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasReferentType

hasReflexivity

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasReflexivity

hasRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasRegister

Classification indicating the relative level of language individually assigned to a lexeme or term or to a text type. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1988)

hasSemanticRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasSemanticRole

hasSemanticValency

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasSemanticValency

Semantic valency pertains to the number of semantic arguments a predicate takes. This is not necessarily the same as syntactic valency: In English, expletive "it" is used as a syntactic argument if no semantic argument is available, cf. van Valin and Lapolla (1997).

hasSeparability

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasSeparability

hasSpecificity

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasSpecificity

hasStrength

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasStrength

hasSubjectNumber

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasSubjectNumber

Number of the subject of a transitive verb. (By default, this is the meaning of hasNumber).

hasSubjectPerson

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasSubjectPerson

person for the subject of the verb (in languages with double congruency) (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2278)

hasSubordType

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasSubordType

hasSyntacticFunction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasSyntacticFunction

Relation to be used when the syntactic function of a constituent is different from its morphosyntactic type, cf. FormFunctionDiscrepancy in the PTB bracketing guidelines, Bies et al. (1995, §2.2.1)

hasSyntacticRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasSyntacticRole

hasSyntacticValency

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasSyntacticValency

In annotation schemes for morphosyntax, "valency" normally means syntactic valency, i.e., the number of syntactic arguments a verb/clause takes.

hasTense

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasTense

hasUsage

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasUsage

The relative commonness with which a term occurs. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1965)

hasValency

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasValency

hasVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Property hasVoice

AbbreviatedPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AbbreviatedPronoun

Abbreviation/Syntactic_Type="pronominal" (Romanian), e.g., d-ta/dumneata, d-tale/dumitale, d-voastră/dumneavoastră, dv./dumneavoastră, dvs./dumneavoastră (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Pronominal)

Abbreviation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Abbreviation

Abbreviation (from Latin brevis "short") is strictly speaking a shorter form of a word, but more particularly, an abbreviation is a letter or group of letters, taken from a word or words, and employed to represent them for the sake of brevity. For example, the word "abbreviation" can be abbreviated as "abbr." or "abbrev." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbreviation 19.09.06)

AbessiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AbessiveCase

AbessiveCase expresses the lack or absence of the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning of the English preposition 'without' (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 3,35; Gove, et al. 1966: 3). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Abessive)

AbilitativeModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AbilitativeModality

modality expressed by AbilitativeMood: Abilitative is a mood that indicates ability, comparable to the use of "can" in English. (http://zbb.spinnwebe.com/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=34901)

AbilitativeMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AbilitativeMood

Abilitative is a mood that indicates ability, comparable to the use of "can" in English. (http://zbb.spinnwebe.com/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=34901)

AblativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AblativeCase

Case used to indicate locative or instrumental function. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1224) AblativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Ablative)

AbsoluteRelativeTense

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AbsoluteRelativeTense

Absolute-relative tense is a tense that (i) refers to a time in relation to a temporal reference point that, in turn, is referred to in relation to the moment of utterance (ii) in which the time and the reference point are not identical, and (iii) the reference point and the moment of utterance are not identical. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#absoluteRelativeTense with reference to http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/whatisabsoluterelativetense.htm)

AbsoluteTense

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AbsoluteTense

Absolute tense refers to a time in relation to the moment of utterance. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#absoluteTense with reference to http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/whatisabsolutetense.htm")

AbsolutiveAntipassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AbsolutiveAntipassive

An Antipassive in which the P or logical object is suppressed or overtly absent. (Klaiman 1991:232) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/AbsolutiveAntipassive)

AbsolutiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AbsolutiveCase

Absolutive case marks the first argument of an intransitive verb and the second argument of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#absolutiveCase)

Accusative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Accusative

In nominative-accusative languages, accusative case marks certain syntactic functions, usually direct objects. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsAccusativeCase.htm 17.11.06)

Acronym

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Acronym

An acronym is an abbreviation, such as NATO, laser, and ABC, written as the initial letter or letters of words, and pronounced on the basis of this abbreviated written form. Acronyms are used most often to abbreviate names of organizations and long or frequently referenced terms. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym 19.09.06)

ActionalModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ActionalModality

ActionalForce indicates that the speaker or hearer is to undertake some action. Actional force subsumes Imperative, Commissive and Hortatory force.

ActiveVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ActiveVoice

When the subject is the agent or actor of the verb, the verb is in the active voice. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_voice 17.11.06) Associated with transitivity, when the action is performed by an agent (subject) on another participant (object), or with intransitivity (McIntosh 1984:108). Refers to the category of underived verb forms associated with the basic diathesis: Diathesis=D0:(X=SUBabs/nom) (Y=DIROBacc) (Shibatani 1995:7) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Active)

ActorMacroRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ActorMacroRole

The most agentive semantic role of the current clause (van Valin and Lapolla 1997), designated subject (from a semantic point of view)

AddresseeRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AddresseeRole

-VOC (vocative) — marks nouns of address, regardless of their position in the sentence. It is not coindexed to the subject and does not get -TPC when it is sentence-initial. (SQ (NP-VOC Mike) , would (NP-SBJ you) (INTJ please) (VP close (NP the door)) ?) (Bies et al. 1995)

AdessiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdessiveCase

AdessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location near/at which another referent exists. It has the meaning of 'at' or 'near' (Crystal 1997: 8). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Adessive)

AditiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AditiveCase

Case expressing "to" in Basque studies. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1229)

Adjectival

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Adjectival

In MULTEXT-East a characteristic of attributive pronouns and abbreviated adjectives, e.g., in Ukrainian e.g., абичий/= бозна-чий/= будь-чий/= дечий/= хтозна-чий/= чий-будь/= чий-небудь/= чийсь/=, абичийого/абичий аби до чийого/абичий бозна-чийого/бозна-чий будь-чийого/будь-чий дечийого/дечий хтозна-чийого/хтозна-чий чийого-будь/чий-будь чийого-небудь/чий-небудь чийогось/чийсь, абичийого/абичий бозна-чийого/бозна-чий будь-чийого/будь-чий дечийого/дечий хтозна-чийого/хтозна-чий чийого-будь/чий-будь чийого-небудь/чий-небудь чийогось/чийсь, абичийому/абичий абичиєму/абичий абичиїм/абичий аби на чийому/абичий аби на чиєму/абичий аби на чиїм/абичий бозна на чийому/бозна-чий бозна на чиєму/бозна-чий бозна на чиїм/бозна-чий будь-чийому/будь-чий будь-чиєму/будь-чий будь-чиїм/будь-чий будь на чийому/будь-чий будь на чиєму/будь-чий будь на чиїм/будь-чий дечийому/дечий дечиєму/дечий дечиїм/дечий де на чийому/дечий де на чиєму/дечий, абичийому/абичий абичиєму/абичий бозна-чийому/бозна-чий бозна-чиєму/бозна-чий будь-чийому/будь-чий будь-чиєму/будь-чий дечийому/дечий дечиєму/дечий хтозна-чийому/хтозна-чий хтозна-чиєму/хтозна-чий чийому-будь/чий-будь чиєму-будь/чий-будь чийому-небудь/чий-небудь чиєму-небудь/чий-небудь чийомусь/чийсь чиємусь/чийсь, абичийому/абичий абичиєму/абичий бозна-чийому/бозна-чий будь-чийому/будь-чий будь-чиєму/будь-чий дечийому/дечий хтозна-чийому/хтозна-чий чийому-будь/чий-будь чийому-небудь/чий-небудь чийомусь/чийсь, абичию/абичий бозна-чию/бозна-чий будь-чию/будь-чий дечию/дечий хтозна-чию/хтозна-чий чию-будь/чий-будь чию-небудь/чий-небудь чиюсь/чийсь, абичия/абичий бозна-чия/бозна-чий будь-чия/будь-чий дечия/дечий хтозна-чия/хтозна-чий чия-будь/чий-будь чия-небудь/чий-небудь чиясь/чийсь, абичиє/абичий бозна-чиє/бозна-чий будь-чиє/будь-чий дечиє/дечий хтозна-чиє/хтозна-чий чиє-будь/чий-будь чиє-небудь/чий-небудь чиєсь/чийсь (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Adjectival)

AdjectivalAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdjectivalAdverb

An adjectival adverb is an adverb that is formally identical to an adjective.<br/> MULTEXT-East Adverb/Type="adjectival" (Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian)<br/> Bulgarian AdjectivalAdverbs have the same form as adjectives in Gender = neuter, Person = 3, Number = singular. (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#AdjectivalAdverb)

AdjectivalModifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdjectivalModifier

A nominal is modified by an adjective. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#adjectivalModifier)

AdjectivalParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdjectivalParticle

Particle that serves to form adjective phrases, e.g., Urdu sā (http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#AdjectivalParticle)

Adjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Adjective

An Adjective is a noun-modifying expression that specifies the properties or attributes of the nominal referent. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAdjective.htm 18.9.06)

AdjectivePhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdjectivePhrase

An adjective phrase may consist of an adjective, or a sequence of words in which an adjective is the head of the phrase, as shown in 47 to 50 below. (47) [NP his [ADJP surprisingly thick and hairy ADJP] wrists NP] (48) [NP some [ADJP [ADJP wholly unanticipated ADJP] but [ADJP remotely possible ADJP] ADJP] event NP] (49) [S [NP His speeches NP] [VP are [ADVP always ADVP] [ADJP too long [PP for comfort PP] ADJP] VP] S] (50) [AUX have AUX] [NP you NP] [VP found [NP something [ADJP suitable [PP for [NP your needs NP] PP] ADJP] NP] VP] ? (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node36.html)AdjectivePhrase is the class of phrases that have adjectives as heads. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/AdjectivePhrase)

Adjunction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Adjunction

The term djunction structure" refers to structures which would be represented by tree diagrams of the general form in (@9). The de ning characteristic of adjunction structures is that a node X dominates another instance of X. (Santorini 1991)

AdjutativeVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdjutativeVoice

voice for a construction where the subject of the verb is not an agent of the action denoted by the verb but is assisting an unstated agent in performing the action

AdmonitiveModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdmonitiveModality

Expression of warning (Bybee 1985:22) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#admonitiveModality)

AdnominalConstituent

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdnominalConstituent

Adnominal wird jedes Element in einer Konstruktion bezeichnet, das der Modifizierung eines Nomens dient, d.h. alle Formen von Attributen wie Adjektive, Genitivattribute, PrÃ¤positionalattribute, RelativsÃ¤tze. Zum Beispiel, das schÃ¶ne Haus; das Haus des Nachbars; das Haus am See; das Haus, das ich mir schon immer gewÃ¼nscht habe. (http://www.uni-trier.de/uni/fb2/ldv/ldv_wiki/index.php/Adnominal)Each element in a construction is called adnominal that modifies a nominal, such as, all types of attributives, such as adjectives, possessives, prepositional attributes and relative clauses, such as the beautiful house; the neighbour’s house, the house at the sea, the house, that I want. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#nominalModifier)

Adposition

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Adposition

An adposition is a cover term for prepositions, postpositions and circumpositions. It expresses a grammatical and semantic relation to another unit within a clause. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAdposition.htm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adposition 19.09.06) The majority of cases of adpositions we have to consider in European languages are prepositions. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#SECTION00062200000000000000 19.09.06)

Adverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Adverb

An adverb is a part of speech that serves to modify non-nominal parts of speech, i.e., verbs, adjectives (including numbers), clauses, sentences and other adverbs. Modifiers of nouns are primarily determiners and adjectives. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbs 18.09.06)

AdverbPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdverbPhrase

An adverb phrase may consist of an adverb, or a sequence of words in which an adverb is the head of the phrase. Adverb phrases may function as adverbials, as in 41: (41) [NP Her beautiful white hat NP] [VP was [ADVP very nearly ADVP] ruined VP] or as modifiers of adjectives, as in 42: (42) [NP Il NP] [VP parle [ADVP infiniment plus couramment ADVP] VP] or noun phrases, as in 43: (43) [NP They NP] [VP let [NP me NP] [VP speak VP] [ADVP now and then ADVP] VP] or as the complement of a preposition, as in 44: (44) [ADVP Strangely enough ADVP] , [NP we NP] [VP received [NP a reply NP] [NP the next day NP] VP] Other examples: (45) [NP The book NP] [VP is [ADVP right here ADVP] VP] (46) [ADVP Como [NP resultado [PP de [NP esa trama NP] PP] NP] ADVP] [VP no se lleva [PP a cabo PP] [NP ninguna acción NP] VP] (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node35.html)

Adverbial

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Adverbial

-ADV (adverbial) — marks a constituent other than ADVP or PP when it is used adverbially (e.g., NPs or free (“headless”) relatives). However, constituents that themselves are modifying an ADVP generally do not get -ADV. (Bies et al. 1995)

AdverbialModifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdverbialModifier

An adverbial modifier modifies a verb. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#adverbialModifier)

AdverbialParticiple

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdverbialParticiple

Adverb/Type="participle" is used in the Slovene MTE v4 specs, e.g., 'leže' / lying. Slovenian adverbial participles are, however, not attested for Resian. (MTE v4)(http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#AdverbialParticiple)

AdverbialSubordinateClause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AdverbialSubordinateClause

Subordinate clauses with adverbial function are annotated as ADV, e.g. "Tom sleeps when the sun rises." (Dipper et al. 2007, §4.3.6)

AffirmativeParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AffirmativeParticle

Particle used to express affirmation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1918)

Affix

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Affix

Letter or group of letters which are added to a word to make a new word. (Sue Ellen Wright; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1234)

AffixedPersonalPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AffixedPersonalPronoun

Personnal pronoun that is affixed. (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2221)

AgentDeletionPassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AgentDeletionPassive

The object of the active retains its old case-marking in the passive, the subject of the active cannot appear in the passive clause, and the passive tends to be semantically active. (Givon 1988:419) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/AgentDeletionPassive)

AgentRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AgentRole

An agentive role is one in which the actor exerts some degree of will(-power) in the execution of the event. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#agentRole)

AgentiveVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AgentiveVerb

An agentive verb marks the semantic role of agent or the doer of an action. Example: ་ ་ ས་ ་ ་ བསད་ ག། Dorji-gi jele sänu 'Dorji killed the cat' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)

AllativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AllativeCase

AllativeCase expresses motion to or toward the referent of the noun it marks (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 6,9,216; Lyons 1968: 299; Crystal 1985: 1213; Gove, et al. 1966: 55,2359). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Allative)

AllusivePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AllusivePronoun

pronoun that have reference to something characterized by allusions. (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2223) an invariable pronoun expressing a specific intention by means of unclear term (Khemakhem Aida, 2010-05-10 via isocat-morpho@loria.fr) examples from Arabic (Monica Monachini 2010-05-06 via isocat-morpho@loria.fr): "kam nahaituhu" (how often I forbade him, Hans Wehr), "baas Saar `amra `ashr isniin, gam (= kam) yriid paysikil" (He just turned ten, and here [how] he wants a bicycle, Georgetown University Iraqi Arabic-English Dictionary), "gam (= kam) yurguS imnil-faraH" ([how] he jumped for joy, Georgetown University Iraqi Arabic-English Dictionary)

Animate

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Animate

Perceived as alive. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1911)

AnimateGender

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AnimateGender

One of the two grammatical genders, or classes of nouns, the other being inanimate. Membership in the animate grammatical class is largely based on meanings, in that living things, including humans, animals, spirits, trees, and most plants are included in the animate class of nouns (Valentine 2001: 114). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Animate)

AntiCausativeVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AntiCausativeVoice

An intransitive verb is derived from a basically transitive one with the direct object of the transitive verb corresponding to the subject of the intransitive [Siewierska 1988: 267].

Anticausative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Anticausative

An intransitive verb is derived from a basically transitive one with the direct object of the transitive verb corresponding to the subject of the intransitive. (Siewierska 1988:267) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Anticausative)

Antipassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Antipassive

Derives an intransitive verb from a transitive stem whereby the original agent (only) is cross-referrenced by the absolutive markers on the verb and the original patient, if it appears, is in an oblique phrase. (England 1983:110) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Antipassive)

Aorist

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Aorist

Simple past tense that is predominantly used for narration. Both the perfective and the imperfective forms can be used in the aorist without any restrictions. (www.helsinki.fi/~bontchev/grammar/index.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1240)

Apocope

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Apocope

deletion of the final element in a word (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2254)

ApplicativeVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ApplicativeVoice

voice which promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the core patient argument and indicates the oblique role within the meaning of the verb

Apposition

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Apposition

Apposition is a relation between two phrases: (1) the nucleus phrase and (2) an appositive phrase, generally set o by punctuation, which modi es the nucleus phrase. An example of apposition is given in (@11). (11) Ryukichi Imai, Japan’s ambassador to Mexico, agrees that Mexico may be too eager. Here, Ryukichi Imai is the nucleus phrase, and the phrase enclosed in commas, Japan’s ambassador to Mexico, is the appositive. Instances of apposition should be represented as adjunction structures (see Section 3.1). (Santorini 1991)

ApproximateNumeral

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ApproximateNumeral

Bulgarian has Numeral/Form=approx(a), used for approximate numerals (десетина /about a ten/, стотина /about a hundred/) (Dimitrova et al. 2009, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ApproximateNumeral)

Article

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Article

An article is a member of a small class of determiners that identify a noun's definite or indefinite reference, and the new or given status. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnArticle.htm 02.05.07)

AspectMarkingAuxiliary

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AspectMarkingAuxiliary

An auxiliary that marks exclusively aspect, e.g., in Urdu: Auxiliaries: Based on the syntactic nature of Urdu, auxiliaries are divided into two categories. Aspectual auxiliaries always occur after main verb of the sentence. Tense auxiliaries are used to show the time of the action. They occurred at the end of the verb phrase (Sajjad 2007). E.g., Urdu rahā, an auxiliary element is used to mark the durative aspect. (Hardie 2004, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#RahaAuxiliary)

AspectParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AspectParticle

In the Romanian MULTEXT-East scheme, a verbal particle with Particle/Type="aspect" modifies the verbs and carries information on the verb form, i.e., on its aspect (Dan Tufis, email 2010/06/09, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#AspectParticle)

AspirationalVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AspirationalVerb

It is a verb, which indicates a strong desire to achieve something, without the doer. དག་པ ་ ང་ ་ ་བར་ ག། dag-pai zhing-lu kewa shÔ 'May i be born in pure land' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)

Atransitive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Atransitive

A predicate/verb that takes no argument. English "to rain" is semantically atransitive, hence, an expletive is to be used in "it's raining", cf. van Valin and Lapolla (1997).

AttributiveAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AttributiveAdjective

An attributive adjective is an adjective that qualifies or modifies a noun and that precedes the noun, e.g."a delicious apple", "a short letter". (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective 18.09.06)

AttributivePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AttributivePronoun

An attributive pronoun is a pronoun that modifies an NP.

Augmentative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Augmentative

A special form of a noun that signals that the object being referred to is large relative to the usual size of such an object [Crystal 1980: 34].

AuxiliaryVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AuxiliaryVerb

An auxiliary verb is a verb which accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase, and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense aspect, and voice. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAuxiliaryVerb.htm 19.09.06) Besides modal verbs ("semiauxiliary") and "strict" auxiliary verbs, also copulas are classified under auxiliary verbs here, as this is a praxis applied in practically every EAGLES-conformant morphosyntactic annotation scheme. Part of speech referring to the set of verbs, subordinate to the main lexical verb which help to make distinction in mood, aspect, voice etc. (Crystal 2003; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1244)

AversiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource AversiveCase

AversiveCase expresses fear or is literally translated as 'turning from' in some languages [Blake 2001: 156].

BaseForm

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource BaseForm

Strong inflection is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens. In traditional English tagsets, e.g., SUSANNE or the PennTreeBank tagset, surface ambiguities are normally not resolved. Uninflected forms and forms that have the same form (e.g., "be" as an imperative) are tagged as BaseForm. (Ch. Chiarcos) Since it is impractical (...) to resolve automatically the ambiguity of these six morphological functions, it is a common practice to assign a single value to the base form, or else to assign two values, one for the finite and one for the non-finite functions. Because of this, the tables below show two tagsets: one tagset representing the 6 attribute-values above, and a reduced tagset (`RTags'), which resembles most tagsets so far used for the English language in reducing the six values to two. http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/morphsyn/node150.html#SECTION00054000000000000000 BaseForm is not a characteristic of lexemes, but specific to certain forms in a complex paradigm.

BeAuxiliary

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource BeAuxiliary

Verb used to link the subject of a sentence and its noun or adjective complement or complementing phrase in certain languages. This verb could be used also to form the passive voice. (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=be -> 4); http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1246)

BenchLevelRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource BenchLevelRegister

Register of terms used in applications-oriented as opposed to theoretical or academic levels of language. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1989)

BenefactiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource BenefactiveCase

BenefactiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks receives the benefit of the situation expressed by the clause (Crystal 1980: 43; Gove, et al. 1966: 203). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Benefactive)

BenefactorRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource BenefactorRole

A beneficiary (benefactor) instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who stands to benefit in some way from the event. Prototypically “benefit” here means “to do or be good to, to be of advantage or profit to; to improve, help forward” in some way. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#beneficiaryRole)

BoundClitic

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource BoundClitic

Linked to a particular element. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1933)

BrokenPlural

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource BrokenPlural

Internal plural that do not have any inflection. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2218)

Bullet

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Bullet

Sign used to mark an item in a list. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1438)

CardinalNumber

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CardinalNumber

A cardinal numeral is a numeral of the class whose members are considered basic in form, used in counting, and used in expressing how many objects are referred to. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsACardinalNumeral.htm 19.09.06)

CaseMarker

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CaseMarker

CausalAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CausalAdverb

Adverb/Type="causal" is used in the Hungarian MTE v4, but no examples are provided. (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CausalAdverb)

CausalModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CausalModality

In Inuktitut, causality is expressed by verbal inflection. Causal mood signifies causal relationships in a sentence. (Nowak 1996, p.39) Elke Nowak (1996), Transforming the images: Ergativity and transitivity in Inuktitut (Eskimo). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.

CausalMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CausalMood

In Inuktitut, causality is expressed by verbal inflection. Causal mood signifies causal relationships in a sentence. (Nowak 1996, p.39) Elke Nowak (1996), Transforming the images: Ergativity and transitivity in Inuktitut (Eskimo). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.

Causative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Causative

Expressing the causation of an action. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Causative)

CausativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CausativeCase

Case which expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the cause of the situation expressed by the clause. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1253)

CausativeVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CausativeVoice

voice where the subject causes someone or something else to do or be something

CauseRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CauseRole

Cause indicates the reason why something happens and is often expressed by a PP (because of, with, through etc.). Sometimes this role is close to the role of Instrument. The criterion for the choice of tag CAUSE is if the expression can be paraphrased through a clausal subordinate clause. (Dipper et al. 2007, 5.3.10)

CessativeAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CessativeAspect

Aspect that expresses the cessation of an event or state. (SIL; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2001)

Character

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Character

CharacteristicAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CharacteristicAdjective

It is an adjective, which expresses the character and feature of subject or an object, while modifying a noun. ང་འ ་ ང ་ འ ག། Shing-di rim du 'The tree is tall' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)

Circumposition

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Circumposition

A circumposition is an adposition with a part before the noun phrase and a part after. It is much less common than prepositions or postpositions. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumposition 19.09.06)

CircumstantialVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CircumstantialVoice

voice that promotes an oblique argument of a verb to the role of subject

Classifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Classifier

A classifier is a word or affix that expresses the classification of a noun. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAClassifier.htm 19.09.06) Classifiers are a very typical feature of sign languages. In some Asian languages, classifiers are used as particles to combine a noun with a numeral, e.g. chin. _san ge ren_ 'three pieces of people', 'three people' (Bußmann 2002, under Klassifikator) Bharati et al. (2006, for Indian languages) group Classifiers together with Quantifiers and Numerals, but they do not provide a detailed characterization of this class. Akshar Bharati, Dipti Misra Sharma, Lakshmi Bai, Rajeev Sangal (2006), AnnCorra : Annotating Corpora. Guidelines For POS And Chunk Annotation For Indian Languages, Tech. Rep., L anguage Technologies Research Centre IIIT, Hyderabad, version of 15-12-2006, http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/tr031/posguidelines.pdf

Clause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Clause

Clause is the class of constructions that form minimal sentential units. They must include a predicate, all arguments of the predicate, and all modifiers of the predicate and the arguments. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Clause)Traditionally sentences are deemed to be composed of major constituents known as clauses, which may be main clauses (not included in a superordinate clause) or embedded clauses (included in a superordinate clause) such as relative clauses or adverbial clauses. A main clause, unless it is coordinated, is equivalent to a simple sentence, and does not need to be separately labelled. Embedded and coordinated clauses, on the other hand, will need to be separately identified. We recommend that such units be identified in the annotation, and labelled either as sentences (S) or as clauses (CL), according to the preference specified in the annotation scheme. The reason for allowing choice here is that different theoretical preferences have to be accommodated. In some syntactic models, the `clause' category is not used (except informally), embedded clauses being marked by included [S] constituents. In other models, clauses are identified as such, even where they are coextensive with an independent sentence. One solution which commends itself (and is employed in the Lancaster Treebank and the SUSANNE Corpus) is to retain [S ... S] as the delimiter of sentences, whether included or not, and also to use [S ... S] for the coordinated parts of a compound sentence; but to use `clause' labels for subordinate clauses. An example which illustrates this division is 12: (12) [S [S The distinction at issue is relatively clear S] , but [S closer examination reveals [CL that all is not quite so straightforward [CL as it seems CL] CL] S] . S] Embedded (subordinate) clauses are generally identified by some sign of their dependence on the superordinate clause or sentence, such as an introductory conjunction or a non-finite verb form. It is noticeable that the coordinated parts of the compound sentence do not have to be clause-like units with subjects and verbs, and to this extent [CL] would be a misleading label to apply to them. This is true, in 13, of so far so good in: (13) [S [S So far so good S] , but [S now consider gender in adjectives S] . S] (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node31.html)

Clitic

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Clitic

Categorization of the different types of clitics (MultText-East; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1903)

CliticDefiniteArticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CliticDefiniteArticle

clitic definite determiner, e.g., in Macedonian, Bulgarian, and Romanian (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CliticDeterminerType)

CliticElement

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CliticElement

Note that Clitic covers only one aspect of the original MULTEXT-East (and ISOcat) definitions of cliticness, i.e., that an element is a clitic

CliticSpecificArticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CliticSpecificArticle

Persian does have an article, but it marks specificity rather than definiteness. The Persian article is similar to the Balkan one (a clitic of pronominal origin that's written together with the word), except that it isn't exactly definite (you can even see it described as an indefinite article). (Ivan A. Derzhanski, p.c. 2010/06/18)

Cliticization

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Cliticization

In morphosyntax, cliticization is a process by which a complex word is formed by attaching a clitic to a fully inflected word. Exsmple: In Je t'aime, t' is the clitic attached to aime. (http://www.glottopedia.de/index.php/Cliticization) Note that cliticization can also be understood as the process of an independent word developing into a clitic. This is not the meaning intended here, as the OLiA ontologies are currently not applied to the description of diachronic processes. (Chiarcos)

CloseAngleBracket

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CloseAngleBracket

> *RAB* Right angle bracket (Santorini 1991)

CloseBracket

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CloseBracket

Punctuation that is graphically represented by ] (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2083)

CloseCurlyBracket

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CloseCurlyBracket

Punctuation that is graphically represented by } (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2085)

CloseFuture

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CloseFuture

Adopted from GOLD. No definition given.

CloseParenthesis

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CloseParenthesis

End of a parenthesis pair. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1440)

CloseQuote

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CloseQuote

quotation mark, closing

CloseSquareBracket

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CloseSquareBracket

] *RSB* Right square bracket (Santorini 1991)

Collective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Collective

A collective number is a number referring to 'a set of things'. Languages that have this feature can use it to get a phrase like 'flock of sheeps' by using 'sheep' in collective number. (en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_number; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1254)

CollectiveNumeral

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CollectiveNumeral

e.g., обата, обајцата, обете, шеесетминава/шеесетмина, шеесетминана/шеесетмина, шеесетмината/шеесетмина, шеснаесетминава/шеснаесетмина, шеснаесетминана/шеснаесетмина, шеснаесетмината/шеснаесетмина (mk, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)e.g., czworga/czworo, czworgiem/czworo, czworgu/czworo, czworo/czworo, dwoje/dwoje, dwojga/dwoje, dwojgiem/dwoje, dwojgu/dwoje, jedenaścioro/jedenaścioro (pl, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)Numeral/Type="collect" (Romanian)<br/> In traditional Romanian grammars, expressions like amândoi "both", toţi trei "all three" are referred to as collective numerals. (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)e.g., dvadesetora/dvadesetoro, dvoja/dvoje, dvoje, dvoji/dvoje, dvojih/dvoje, dvojim/dvoje, oboje, tridesetora/tridesetoro, troja/troje (sr, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)e.g., ambelor/ambii, ambilor/ambii, amânduror/amândoi, amândurora/amândoi, câteşipatru, tuspatru (ro, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CollectiveNumeral)

CollectivePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CollectivePronoun

A pronoun that refers to all elements of a set.

Collocation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Collocation

A collocation is any habitually linked group of words - a kind of lexical partnership, e.g. 'fish and chips', 'salt and pepper', 'don't mention it', 'it's nothing...', 'Oh well!', 'bangers and mash'... and so on. Many idioms or idiomatic phrases exhibit collocation, e.g. in a jiffy. (http://www.englishbiz.co.uk/grammar/main_files/definitionsa-m.htm)

Colon

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Colon

Sign with two vertical points that is used in writing and printing to introduce an explanation, example or quotation. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1439)

ComitativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ComitativeCase

ComitativeCase expresses accompaniment. It carries the meaning 'with' or 'accompanied by' (Anderson, Stephen 1985: 186; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 42;Dixon, R. 1972: 12; Gove, et al. 1966: 455). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Comitative)

ComitativeRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ComitativeRole

Comitative carries the meaning 'with' or 'accompanied by' (Anderson, Stephen 1985: 186; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 42;Dixon, R. 1972: 12; Gove, et al. 1966: 455). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Comitative) Comitative applies to an animate entity that accompanies a participant of the action. (Dipper et al. 2007, §5.3.12)

Comma

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Comma

Mark (,) used in writing to show a short pause or to separate items in a list. (Longman DCE 2005; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1448)

CommissiveModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CommissiveModality

CommissiveForce indicates that the speaker promises or threatens to perform some action [Palmer 2001: 10, 72].

CommonGender

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CommonGender

Common is an optional attribute for nouns in EAGLES. The Common gender contrasts with Neuter in a two-gender system e.g. Danish, Dutch. This value is also used for articles, pronouns and determiners especially for Danish. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2at 17.11.06)

CommonNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CommonNoun

A common noun is a noun that signifies a non-specific member of a group. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsACommonNoun.htm 19.09.06)

CommonlyUsed

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CommonlyUsed

Said of a term that appears frequently. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1984)

Comparative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Comparative

The comparative is the form of an adjective or adverb which denotes the degree or grade by which a person, thing, or other entity has a property or quality greater or less in extent than that of another. In English the structure of a comparative consists normally of the positive form of the adjective or adverb, plus the suffix -er, or (especially in the case of longer words) the modifier "more" (or "less") before the adjective or adverb. The form is usually completed by "than" and the noun which is being compared, e.g. "he is taller than his father is", or "the village is less picturesque than the town near by is". (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative 17.11.06)

ComparativeParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ComparativeParticle

Particle used to compare. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1922)

ComplementClause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ComplementClause

In noun phrases like the fact that she is late, the subordinate clause that she is late is a complement of the noun fact and should not be confused with a relative clause. (Note that the embedded clause she is late is not missing a constituent; by contrast, in a relative clause construction like the TV that she bought the other day, the clause that she bought the other day is incomplete.) The entire noun phrase should be bracketed as a sister of the head noun. (NP the fact (SBAR that (S (NP she) (VP is (ADJP late))))) (Santorini 1991)

ComplementizerField

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ComplementizerField

The C-Feld occurs in verb-final clauses in German (exception: the conjunction als in subordinated sentences of comparison als w¨are es nie geschehen.). It is obligatorily occupied in finite verb-final clauses if there is no conjunction in the Linke Klammer. In non-finite verb-final clauses the C-position may be empty. This field can be occupied by conjunctions of sentential objects (e.g. daß, ob) or sentence initial conjunctions like um, obwohl, wenn and also by complex interrogative or relative phrases, e.g. ..., ’um wieviel Geld’ geht es dabei? / ..., ’an der’ Max Daniel Professor f¨ur Klavier ist. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.17)

CompletiveAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CompletiveAspect

To do something thoroughly and to completion.

Composition

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Composition

In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word) that consists of more than one stem. Compounding or composition is the word formation that creates compound lexemes (the other word-formation process being derivation). Compounding or Word-compounding refers to the faculty and device of language to form new words by combining or putting together old words. In other words, compound, compounding or word-compounding occurs when a person attaches two or more words together to make them one word. The meanings of the words interrelate in such a way that a new meaning comes out which is very different from the meanings of the words in isolation. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_%28linguistics%29)

CompoundPreposition

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CompoundPreposition

Preposition that is a aggregation of words (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1934)

ConditionRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionRole

Adverbial that denotes a condition. (Petrova and Odebrecht 2011)

ConditionalClause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionalClause

Conditional clauses refer to a hypothetical situation, in English they are introduced by 'if' or 'unless'. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#conditionalClause)

ConditionalIrrealisModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionalIrrealisModality

Conditional Mood (modality) with Irrealis meaning (ILPOSTS)

ConditionalIrrealisMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionalIrrealisMood

Conditional Mood (modality) with Irrealis meaning (ILPOSTS)

ConditionalModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionalModality

In Inuktitut, conditionality is expressed by verbal inflection. Conditional mood signifies conditional relationships in a sentence. (Nowak 1996, p.39) A conditional relation is a logical relation in which the illocutionary act employing one of a pair of propositions is expressed or implied to be true or in force if the other proposition is true. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAConditionalRelation.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1258) Elke Nowak (1996), Transforming the images: Ergativity and transitivity in Inuktitut (Eskimo). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.

ConditionalMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionalMood

In Inuktitut, conditionality is expressed by verbal inflection. Conditional mood signifies conditional relationships in a sentence. (Nowak 1996, p.39) A conditional relation is a logical relation in which the illocutionary act employing one of a pair of propositions is expressed or implied to be true or in force if the other proposition is true. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAConditionalRelation.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1258) Elke Nowak (1996), Transforming the images: Ergativity and transitivity in Inuktitut (Eskimo). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.

ConditionalParticiple

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionalParticiple

[In Bengali, t]he Conditional Participle is widely used to convey "if a certain action [pertaining to the parent verb] is done,...". The logic is: "in the case or condition of a certain action being done". Being impersonal, without regard for the doer of the action that caused the condition, it is not declined to suit number or gender. If this doer is not defined in the Bengali condition clause but needs to be stated in a natural-sounding English translation, this is identified and drawn from the second clause. For example:- Student: Teaching Truth in Bengali If you pay attention,* you will learn. manoyog kar-*le* tumi shikh-be. * [or, If attention is paid] (http://www.jaspell.co.uk/bengalicourse2007/wb149study49.pdf)e.g. Bengali বুঝলে (bujhle) from বোঝা (bojha) "to understand" (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BE)

ConditionalParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionalParticle

conditional particule (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2230)

ConditionalPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionalPronoun

conditional pronoun (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2222)

ConditionalRealisModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionalRealisModality

Conditional Mood (modality) with Realis meaning (ILPOSTS)

ConditionalRealisMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionalRealisMood

Conditional Mood (modality) with Realis meaning (ILPOSTS)

ConditionalVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConditionalVerb

A conditional verb is a verb form in many languages. It is used to express degrees of certainty or uncertainty and hypothesis about past, present, or future. Such forms often occur in conditional sentences. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_mood 19.09.06)

Conjugated

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Conjugated

Property of a verbal form when inflected (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2207)

Conjunct

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Conjunct

TIGER edge label CJ

Conjunction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Conjunction

A conjunction is a word that syntactically links words or larger constituents, and expresses a semantic relationship between them. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAConjunction.htm 19.09.06)

ConjunctionPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConjunctionPhrase

Multi-word conjunction Besides the usual and, or, but, etc., certain prepositions and subordinating conjunctions can be used as coordinating conjunctions. Multi-word coordinating conjunctions are labeled CONJP (see section 7 [Coordination]). ... CONJP — Conjunction Phrase. Used to mark certain “multi-word” conjunctions, such as as well as, instead of. (Bies et al. 1995)

ContablativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ContablativeCase

ContablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from near which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from near'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contablative)

ContallativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ContallativeCase

ContallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the vicinity of the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the vicinity of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contallative)

ConterminativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ConterminativeCase

ConterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the vicinity of the referent of the noun it marks, but not through that region. It has the meaning 'moving into the vicinity of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Conterminative)

ContextualVariation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ContextualVariation

Variation on a particular usage or immediate proximity of words.

ContinuousAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ContinuousAspect

Similar to progressive, however an aspect is continuous versus progressive when it is anchored to non-punctual time reference (Salaberry 2002:264). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Continuous)

ContlativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ContlativeCase

ContlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location in the vicinity of which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'in the vicinity of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Contlative)

Contraction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Contraction

no definition given

ContrastiveEmphaticParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ContrastiveEmphaticParticle

ContrastiveParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ContrastiveParticle

Contrastive particle, e.g., (one of the uses of) Urdu tô: vo urdû parhê gâ "He will study Urdu." (simple statement) vo tô urdû parhê gâ "HE will study Urdu." (Contrast: the other students may not.) (Schmidt 1999, p. 232, see http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ContrastiveEmphaticParticle)

CoordinateClause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CoordinateClause

A coordinate clause is a clause belonging to a series of two or more clauses which are not syntactically dependent on one another, and are joined by means of a coordinate conjunction, a connective or parataxis. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsACoordinateClause.htm).

CoordinatingConjunction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CoordinatingConjunction

Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that join two items of equal syntactic importance. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction 19.09.06)

Coordination

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Coordination

As has already been shown in some of the preceding examples, the issue of coordination necessarily arises: how is coordination to be represented in terms of constituency? Different approaches have been taken, and in the example analyses given in this document, we have chosen to take a traditional approach, showing the coordinated constituents at the same level, with the conjunction between them (see also 47 and 48): (51) [NP [NP John NP] and [NP Mary NP] NP] (52) She went [PP [PP to the library PP] or [PP to the cafeteria PP] PP] (53) He works [ADVP [ADVP very slowly ADVP] but [ADVP very meticulously ADVP] ADVP] However, in practice, in an automated parsing system, this is not an easy differentiation to make, and in some existing schemes, a slightly less satisfactory solution has been found, viz. analysing coordination in a similar fashion to subordination. Most constituents (both phrases and clauses) can be coordinated, but the extent to which this is possible will differ across languages. The conjuncts may be marked as such by separate descriptors: NPtex2html_wrap_inline4084 etc. However, there are many occasions where the conjuncts are not of the same formal category, or where they do not correspond to an entire phrasal or clausal constituent. There is much to be said, in these cases, or perhaps for all cases of coordination, for the use of a generalised label applied to all coordinate constituents or conjuncts, e.g. the label CO used in the TOSCA system. We do not offer a definitive solution for the annotation of coordination, and the many variants of coordination will not be considered further in this report. See Sampson (1995: 310f) for a detailed treatment. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node37.html)

CoordinationParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CoordinationParticle

particle for coordination (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2227)

CoordinatorField

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CoordinatorField

The KOORD-field is the field for coordinating particles in the German clause. In contrast to the PARORD-field, it can optionally occur as the left-most element of all clause types. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.17)

Copula

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Copula

A copula is an intransitivity verb which links a subject to a noun phrase, an adjective or an other constituent which expresses the predicate. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsACopula.htm 19.09.06)

Correlative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Correlative

When the same word is also placed before the first conjunct, as in French "ou...ou...", the former occurrence is given the Correlative value and the latter the Simple value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)

CorrelativeCoordinatingConjunction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CorrelativeCoordinatingConjunction

When the same word is also placed before the first conjunct, as in French "ou...ou...", the former occurrence is given the Correlative value and the latter the Simple value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)Conjunction/Coord_Type="correlat" (Romanian). In Romanian, there are three kinds of conjunctions depending on their usage: as such or together with other conjunctions or adverbs: (1) simple, between conjuncts: Ion ori Maria (John or Mary); (2) repetitive, before each conjunct: fie Ion fie Maria fie... (either John or Mary or...) (3) correlative, before a conjoined phrase, it requires specific coordinators between conjuncts: atât mama cât şi tata (both mother and father). (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CorrelativeCoordinatingConjunction)

CosubordinateClause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CosubordinateClause

CountNumber

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CountNumber

MULTEXT-East feature Number="count" (Nouns in Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian), e.g., Bulgarian яка/як, язовира/язовир, яда/яд, юргана/юрган, юбилея/юбилей, ъгъла/ъгъл (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CountNumber)

Countable

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Countable

A countable noun (also count noun) is a noun which can be modified by a numeral and occur in both singular and plural form, as well as co-occurring with quantificational determiners like every, each, several, most, etc.. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_noun 19.09.06)

CountableNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource CountableNoun

A countable noun (also count noun) is a noun which can be modified by a numeral and occur in both singular and plural form, as well as co-occurring with quantificational determiners like every, each, several, most, etc.. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_noun 19.09.06)

Date

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Date

Date is a stretch of text that specifies a specific point in time and that is not further linguistically analysed. (Chiarcos)

DativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DativeCase

Dative case marks indirect objects (for languages in which they are held to exist), or nouns having the role of a recipient (as of things given), a beneficiary of an action, or a possessor of an item. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsDativeCase.htm 17.11.06)

DebitiveModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DebitiveModality

Mood to express necessity or requirement

DebitiveMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DebitiveMood

Mood to express necessity or requirement

DeclarativeModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DeclarativeModality

Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a type of (formal) assertion (OED). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#declarativeModality)

DeclarativeMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DeclarativeMood

Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a type of (formal) assertion (OED). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#declarativeModality) Unlike DeclarativeModality, a DeclarativeMood is morphologically marked.

DeclarativePunctuation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DeclarativePunctuation

Punctuation used at the end a declarative sentence.

DeclarativeSentence

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DeclarativeSentence

S|Simple declarative clause, i.e. one that is not introduced by a (possibly empty) subordinating conjunction or wh-word and that does not exhibit subject-verb inversion. (Santorini 1991) Simple declarative sentences: (S (NP-SBJ Casey) (VP threw (NP the ball))) ... S â ´ Simple declarative clause, i.e. one that is not introduced by a (possibly empty) subordinating conjunction or wh-word and that does not exhibit subject-verb inversion. (Bies et al. 1995)

DeductiveEvidentiality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DeductiveEvidentiality

DeductiveEvidentiality encodes the fact that the speaker came to believe the content of the expression through a sound inference procedure. [Palmer 2001: 6-8].

DeficientVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DeficientVerb

verb lacking certain morphosyntactic properties

Definite

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Definite

Value referring to the capacity of identification of an entity. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2004) An entity is specified as definite when it refers to a particularized individual of the species denoted by the noun. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#definite) Definite noun phrases are used to refer to entities which are specific and identifiable in a given context. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definiteness 20.11.06)

DefiniteArticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DefiniteArticle

A definite article is used before singular and plural nouns that refer to a particular member of a group. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_%28grammar%29 18.09.06)

DegreeAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DegreeAdverb

Any adverb which modifies an adjective, an adverb, a verbal particle, a preposition, a conjunction or a determiner is a degree adverb. (http://xlex.uni-muenster.de/Portal/MTPE/tagsetDescriptionEN.doc, p. 113, 8.1 Degree Adverbs 23.09.06) Also known as specifier adverb (http://www.unlweb.net/unlarium/dictionary/export_tagset.php)

DelativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DelativeCase

DelativeCase expresses motion downward from the referent of the noun it marks (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 53; Gove, et al. 1966: 595). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Delative)

DemonstrativeAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DemonstrativeAdverb

Pronominal adverb derived from a demonstrative stem (Ch. Chiarcos)

DemonstrativeDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DemonstrativeDeterminer

Demonstratives are deictic expressions (they depend on an external frame of reference) which indicate entities a speaker refers to, and distinguishes those entities from others. Demonstratives are usually employed for spatial deixis (using the context of the physical surroundings), but in many languages they double as discourse deictics, referring not to concrete objects but to words, phrases and propositions mentioned in speech. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrative 19.09.06)

DemonstrativeModifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DemonstrativeModifier

A nominal is modified by a demonstrative. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#demonstrativeModifier)

DemonstrativePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DemonstrativePronoun

Demonstrative pronouns are deictic words (they depend on an external frame of reference). They indicate which entities a speaker refers to, and distinguishes those entities from others. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrative_pronoun 19.09.06)

DemonstrativeQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DemonstrativeQuantifier

In the Czech and Slovak MTE v4 specs, Numeral/Class="demonstrative" are items meaning `this many/much', etc. Strictly speaking, they are pronumerals (pro-quantifiers), but traditional descriptions don't recognise such a category, so they are described variously as pronouns (because they contain a demonstrative element) or as numerals (because their syntactic distribution is that of numerals, or very close)." (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/11, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DemonstrativeQuantifier)

DeponentMiddle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DeponentMiddle

Action denotes physical/mental disposition of subject. (Siewierska 1988:257) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/DeponentMiddle)

Derivation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Derivation

Change in the form of a linguistic unit, usually modification in the base/root or affixation to create a new word. (Sue Ellen Wright + Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1271)

DeterminalPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DeterminalPronoun

The Estonian determinal pronouns _ise_, _end(a)_ `(one)self'." combine aspects of emphatic pronouns and reflexive pronouns. It could also be described as an intensifier that is formally identical with the reflexive pronoun or as an emphatic reflexive pronoun. (Ivan A. Derzhanski, Heiki-Jaan Kaalep, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DeterminalPronoun; Insa Gülzow (2006), The acquisition of intensifiers: Emphatic reflexives in English and German child language, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, p. 258)

Determiner

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Determiner

A determiner is a noun modifier that expresses the reference of a noun or noun phrase in the context, including quantity, rather than attributes expressed by adjectives. This part of speech is defined in some languages, such as in English, as it is distinct from adjectives grammatically, though most English dictionaries still identify the determiners as adjectives. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determiner 19.09.06)

DeterminerPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DeterminerPhrase

Certain pronouns serving as determiners in noun phrases may be premodified, for instance, by degree adverbs such as in German "so viele ¨Altere", "gar kein Schutz", etc. In the case of "so viele Ältere", the premodifying adverb so is attached to the indefinite pronoun viele. Together, they form a determiner phrase (DP), which is attached to the head noun Ältere on the same level: [so viele] Ältere (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.63)

Diacritic

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Diacritic

DialectRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DialectRegister

Register that is specific to a dialect. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1990)

DifferentialPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DifferentialPronoun

A pronoun, which classifies or differentiates(pronoun) by a single basis, like everybody; each; individual etc. འ ག་པ ་ ་ ར་ ག་ར་ ན་ ང་ ང་ཁ་ ས་ད ། Drupai Miser Gara Enrung Dzongkha ShegÔ 'Every Bhutanese must know Dzongkha' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)

DigitNumeral

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DigitNumeral

Numeral expressed by Arabic digits.

Diminuitive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Diminuitive

A diminutive is a formation of a word used to convey a slight degree of the root meaning, smallness of the object or quality named, encapsulation, intimacy, or endearment. It is the opposite of an augmentative. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diminutive)

DiminutiveNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DiminutiveNoun

diminutive noun (MIRACL LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2225)

DirectCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DirectCase

In the Romanian case system the value 'direct' conflates 'nominative' and 'accusative', e.g., -acea/acel, -aceasta/acesta, -această/acest (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DirectCase)

DirectObject

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DirectObject

A direct object is a grammatical relation that exhibits a combination of certain independent syntactic properties, such as the following: the usual grammatical characteristics of the patient of typically transitive verbs; particular case marking; a particular clause position; the conditioning of an agreement affix on the verb; the capability of becoming the clause subject in passivization; the capability of reflexivization. The identification of the direct object relation may be further confirmed by finding significant overlap with similar direct object relations previously established in other languages. This may be done by analyzing correspondence between translation equivalents (Crystal 1985: 94; Hartmann and Stork 1972: 155; Mish et al. 1990: 358; Comrie 1989: 66; Andrews, Avery 1985: 68,120,126; Comrie 1985a: 337). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/directObject)

DirectQuestion

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DirectQuestion

There are two types of direct questions: yes-no questions and wh-questions. Yes-no questions should be bracketed as SQ. The auxiliary verb or form of do that precedes the subject in a yes-no question is a child of SQ. Note that yes-no questions need not contain a VP node (Santorini 1991)

DirectSpeech

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DirectSpeech

added in accordance with TIGER

DirectVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DirectVoice

Signals that the action proceeds in an ontologically salient way, i.e. that salience is assigned to nominals based on their referent's relative real-world capacities to control situations. (Klaiman 1991:32) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/DirectVoice)

DirectWHQuestion

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DirectWHQuestion

SBARQ|Direct question introduced by a wh-word or wh-phrase. See Section 5.32. Indirect questions and relative clauses should be bracketed as SBAR, not SBARQ. (Santorini 1991) Wh-questions should be bracketed as SBARQ. The wh-constituent (whether it is a subject or not) is a child of SBARQ; the rest of the question is an SQ. If the wh-constituent is a subject or an object, the position where it is interpreted should be represented by the empty element T. (Santorini 1991) The SBARQ label marks wh-questions (i.e., those that contain a gap and therefore require a trace). A further level of structure, SQ, contains the inverted auxiliary (if there is one) and the rest of the sentence. The inverted auxiliary in wh-questions is not labeled. ... SBARQ â ´ Direct question introduced by a wh-word or wh-phrase. See section 1 [Overview of Basic Clause Structure]. Indirect questions and relative clauses should be bracketed as SBAR, not SBARQ. (Bies et al. 1995)

DirectionRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DirectionRole

-DIR (direction) â ´ marks adverbials that answer the questions â ¼from where?â ½ and â ¼to where?â ½ It implies motion, which can be metaphorical as in â ¼...rose 5 pts. to 57-1/2â ½ or â ¼increased 70% to 5.8 billion yenâ ½ (see section 23 [â ¼Financialspeakâ ½ Conventions]). -DIR is most often used with verbs of motion/transit and financial verbs: (S (NP-SBJ I) (VP flew (PP-DIR from (NP Tokyo)) (PP-DIR to (NP New York)))) (Bies et al. 1995)

DiscourseMarker

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DiscourseMarker

Generally, discourse markers are expressions or phrases of greeting, apologizing, thanking, short emotional utterances, and interjections. Their node label is DM. ... Typical discourse markers are: ja, nein, hallo, oh, aha, pst, nunja, gewiß, toll, nun ja, etc. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p. 136)

Distal

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Distal

The referent denoted by a distal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English that) is usually spatially more remote or discoursally less salient as compared to a referent denoted by a proximal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English this) (Chiarcos)

DistinctiveParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DistinctiveParticle

distinctive particle (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2228)

DistributiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DistributiveCase

The distributive case is used on nouns for the meanings of per or each, e.g., Hungarian egyenként/egy, hetenként/hét, ilyenként/ily, kéthetenként/kéthét, rekordonként/rekord, tömbönként/tömb, vércsoportonként/vércsoport In Hungarian it is -nként and expresses the manner when something happens to each member of a set one by one (e.g., fejenként "per head", esetenként "in some case"), or the frequency in time (hetenként "once a week", tízpercenként "every ten minutes"). In the Finnish language, this adverb type is rare, even rarer in the singular. Its ending is -ttain/-ttäin. The basic meaning is "separately for each". For example, maa ("country") becomes maittain for an expression like Laki ratifioidaan maittain ("The law is ratified separately in each country"). It can be used to distribute the action to frequent points in time, e.g., päivä (day) has the plural distributive päivittäin (each day). It can mean also "in (or with) regard to the (cultural) perspective" when combined with a word referring to an inhabitant (-lais-). Frequently Finns (suomalaiset) say that suomalaisittain tuntuu oudolta, että, or "in the Finnish perspective, it feels strange that". (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DistributiveCase, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributive_case)

DistributivePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DistributivePronoun

When the subject is conjoined, the reflexive cannot refer to only one of them. The proform has to be a distributive pronoun, i.e., the reduplicated form, when it has coreference to respective subjects, e.g., *kumaarum_i/Kumar.and umaavum_j/Uma.and tan_i+j/self-poss puunekki/cat.to paalu/milk kuDuttaanaanga/give-pst-aggr. "*Kumar_i and Uma gave milk to his_i/her_j cat." (Annamalai 2000, p. 189, on Tamil) Unlike reciprocals, the two parts of a distributive pronoun cannot be considered as two full, independent NPs. In "awar/1 awar/2", only "awar/2" is case marked; "awar/1" is its citation form. Also, the two parts cannot be separated by intervening material (cf. English "one another"). (Jayaseelan 2000, p. 149, on Malayalam) (K.A. Jayaseelan, 2000, Lexical anaphors and pronouns in Malayalam, In: Barbara C. Lust, Kashi Wali, James W. Gair, K.V.Subharao (eds.), Lexical Anaphors and Pronouns in Selected South Asian Languages. A Principled Typology, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, p. 113-168) (E. Annamalai, 2000, Lexical anaphors and pronouns in Tamil, , In: Barbara C. Lust, Kashi Wali, James W. Gair, K.V.Subharao (eds.), Lexical Anaphors and Pronouns in Selected South Asian Languages. A Principled Typology, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, p. 169-216)

Ditransitive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Ditransitive

A predicate/verb that takes two arguments, e.g., English "to give", cf. van Valin and Lapolla (1997).

DitransitiveTheme

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DitransitiveTheme

Ditransitive theme (T) (Siewierska 2004:57). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#T)

Dual

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Dual

Form used in some languages to designate two persons or things. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1879)

DualQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DualQuantifier

Quantifiers that enforce dual agreement (i.e., as with the numeral "2"). Some feminine and neuter body parts in Czech have preserved dual forms, and if the noun is dual, so are its attributes (adjectives, pronouns). So the agreement of the numeral 2 differs formally from 3-4 (Ivan A. Derzhanski, email 2010/06/16, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DualQuantifier) Numeral/Class="definite", Numeral/Class="definite1", Numeral/Class="definite234" etc. refer to specific patterns of congruency with Slavic numerals that originate from the difference between Old Slavic singular (definite1), dual (definite2, definite234) and plural (definite). (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#DualQuantifier)

DubitiveModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DubitiveModality

DubitiveMood indicates a speaker's doubt or uncertainty about a proposition (Palmer 2001). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Dubitive)

DubitiveMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DubitiveMood

DubitiveMood indicates a speaker's doubt or uncertainty about a proposition (Palmer 2001). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Dubitive)

DurativeAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DurativeAspect

Events which involve some duration (Bhat 1999:58). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Durative)

DynamicAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource DynamicAspect

dynamic aspect (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#dynamicityAspect)

EchoWord

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EchoWord

The word is a copy of a previous word. In Hindi, this would add the meaning of distribution ("one rupee each"), separation ("sit separately"), variety, diversity or just emphasis. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-4209, reduplicative) Echo word is a linguistic term that refers to a particular kind of reduplication which is a widespread areal feature in the languages of South Asia. Echo words are characterized by reduplication of a complete word or phrase, with the initial segment or syllable of the reduplicant being overwritten by a fixed segment or syllable. In most languages in which this phenomenon is present, echo words serve to express a meaning of "... and such; and things like that." In some cases the echo word may express a depreciative meaning as well. Echo words in Hindi are typically created with a fixed initial v: aam "mango" aam vaam "mangoes and the like" tras "grief" tras vras "grief and the like" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_word)

ElativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ElativeCase

ElativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location out of which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'out of' (Lyons 1968: 299; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 64; Crystal 1985: 106; Gove, et al. 1966: 730). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Elative)

ElativeDegree

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ElativeDegree

MULTEXT-East Degree="elative" (Adjective: Resian, Serbian, Macedonian)<br/> In Semitic languages, ElativeDegree refers to the “adjective of superiority.” In some languages such as Arabic, the concepts of comparative and superlative degree of an adjective are merged into a single form, the elative. How this form is understood or translated depends upon context and definiteness. In the absence of comparison, the elative conveys the notion of “greatest”, “supreme.” The elative of كبير (kabí:r, "big") is أكبر (’ákbar, “bigger/biggest”, “greater/greatest”). (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/elative) In Slavic languages, as well, it is pretty standard. I do agree with the definition though, that "the elative conveys the notion of “greatest”, “supreme.”" So, Slovene "lep" is beautiful, "prelep" is very (or supremely) beautiful; I guess the "pre-" prefix could be roughly translated as "over-". Used in Resian, Serbian, Macedonian. In Slovenian, we banished it, as even "ordinary" degrees are borderline inflection / derivation, but, I think, elative is is definitely not inflection. (Tomaž Erjavec, email 2010/06/21)e.g., predivan, prekasan, premanjeg/premali, premanjega/premali, premanjem/premali, premanjemu/premali, premanji/premali (sr)e.g., прешпионска/шпионски, прешпионскава/шпионски, прешпионскана/шпионски, прешпионската/шпионски, прешпионски/шпионски, прешпионскиве/шпионски, прешпионскине/шпионски, прешпионскиов/шпионски, прешпионскион/шпионски (mk)

ElativeNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ElativeNoun

noun to express both comparative and superlative

ElementDemandingClitic

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ElementDemandingClitic

Expression representing a lexeme with cliticization whose clitics are, however, represented as a separate token

ElementWithClitic

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ElementWithClitic

Expression representing a lexeme together with its clitics (Chiarcos)

ElementWithoutClitic

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ElementWithoutClitic

Expression representing a lexeme without any clitics (i.e. because of the absence of cliticization or because the clitic is represented separately) (Chiarcos)

Elision

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Elision

The omission of a syllable or vowel at the beginning or end of a word, esp. when a word ending with a vowel is next to one beginning with a vowel. (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=elision; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1277)

Ellipsis

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Ellipsis

*?* â ´ placeholder for ellipsed material ... *?* is now available in the following great-tasting flavors: (VP *?*), (ADJP-PRD *?*), (PP-PRD *), (NP *?*), (S *?*), (SBAR *?*). These act as placeholders for a missing predicate or piece thereof, especially in comparative constructions and other environments where predicate deletion occurs. Although the missing material represented by *?* is often identical to another constituent in the same sentence, the two are never coindexed. Postmodifiers of the verb (including traces) may be attached under (VP *?*), but not to any other null element, including the other *?* null elements and (VP *T*). Note that policy for *?* was never finalized, so its use varies to some extent. In general, *?* is used by the annotators as a last resort (short of the FRAG analysis) for the annotation of clauses with â ¼missingâ ½ material. Nonetheless, there are certain constructions that are particularly likely to contain *?*: (Bies et al. 1995)

EmbeddedInfinitive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EmbeddedInfinitive

An infinitive is the head of the embedded construction. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#withInfinitiveAsHead) Infinitival relatives. See section 14 [Infinitives] for more information. (NP (NP a movie) (SBAR (WHNP-1 0) (S (NP-SBJ *) (VP to (VP see (NP *T*-1)))))) (Bies et al. 1995)

EmbeddedParticiple

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EmbeddedParticiple

A participle is the head of the embedded construction. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#withParticipleAsHead) Participial constructions are used as adjunct clauses in Old High German. As they lack a finite verb form they are kept separately from finite subordinate clauses. (http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl#ParticipialConstruction)

Emphatic

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Emphatic

Pronoun marked to show its importance. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1941) In Romanian, the so-called emphatic determiner may accompany both a noun and a personal pronoun: fata *însăşi* (the girl *herself*), also ea *însăşi* (she *herself*). (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#EmphaticDeterminer) Emphasis can not only be expressed on nouns and pronouns, but also at verbs, adverbs, adpositions, etc., cf. http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#Emphasis

EmphaticDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EmphaticDeterminer

Determiner/Type="emphatic" (Romanian)<br/> In Romanian, there are specific forms for the so-called emphatic determiner, which may accompany both a noun and a personal pronoun: fata însăşi (the girl herself), also ea însăşi (she herself). e.g., însele/însumi, însemi/însumi, însene/însumi, însevă/însumi, înseşi/însumi, înseţi/însumi, însumi, însuşi/însumi, însuţi/însumi (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#EmphaticDeterminer)

EmphaticParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EmphaticParticle

Emphatic particle, e.g., (one of the uses of) Urdu tô: vo urdû parhê gâ "He will study Urdu." (simple statement) vo urdû parhê gâ tô lêkin imtihân nahîm dê gâ "He will STUDY Urdu, OF COURSE, but he won't take the examination." (Schmidt 1999, p. 232, see http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ContrastiveEmphaticParticle)

EmphaticPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EmphaticPronoun

Pronoun marked to show its importance. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1941)

EpistemicNecessityModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EpistemicNecessityModality

EpistemicNecessityModality indicates that the expressed proposition is known to be true. Also known as CategoricalModality [Palmer 2001: 37, 68-69].

EpistemicPossibilityModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EpistemicPossibilityModality

EpistemicPossibilityModality indicates that the designated state of affairs is not known not to be true.

EquativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EquativeCase

Case that expresses likeness or identity to the referent of the noun it marks. It can have meaning, such as: 'as', 'like', or 'in the capacity of'. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1279)

ErgativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ErgativeCase

In ergative-absolutive languages, the ergative case identifies the subject of a transitive verb. In such languages, the ergative case is typically marked (most salient), while the absolutive case is unmarked. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#ergativeCase with reference to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergative_case).

EssiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EssiveCase

EssiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location at which another referent exists (Lyons 1968: 299,301; Gove, et al. 1966: 778; Crystal 1985: 112; Blake 1994: 154-5). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Essive)

EssiveFormalCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EssiveFormalCase

The Hungarian "formativus, or essivus-formalis `-ként' ... usually expresses a position, task and manner of the person or the thing." (Nose 2003), e.g., Hungarian 'katonaként' -> [serves] as a soldier. (Csaba Oravecz, email 2010/06/15)<br/><br/> "Haspelmath & Buchholz (1998:321) explained the function of the essive case as ``role phrases''. Role phrases represent the role of the function in which a participant appears. They regard the role phrases as adverbial." (Nose 2003, p. 117)<br/> In the Hungarian language this case combines the Essive case and the Formal case, and it can express the position, task, state (e.g. "as a tourist"), or the manner (e.g. "like a hunted animal"). The status of the suffix -ként in the declension system is disputed for several reasons. First, in general, Hungarian case suffixes are absolute word-final, while -ként permits further suffixation by the locative suffix -i. Second, most Hungarian case endings participate in vowel harmony, while -ként does not. For these reasons, many modern analyses of the Hungarian case system, starting with László Antal's "A magyar esetrendszer" (1961) do not consider the essive/formal to be a case. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essive-formal_case)<br/> cf. Masahiko Nose (2003), Adverbial Usage of the Hungarian Essive Case

EvaluativeModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource EvaluativeModality

EvaluativeProperty: A term used in semantics for a type of modality where propositions express the speaker's attitude (e.g. surprise, regret) towards what is being said. [Crystal 2003: 168]

ExclamativePoint

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExclamativePoint

Special sign (!) usually used in writing to mark exclamation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1441)

ExclamatoryAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExclamatoryAdverb

An ExclamatoryAdverb seves to express exclamation, cf. how in "How well everyone played!" Exclamative sentences or exclamatives An exclamatory sentence or exclamation is generally a more emphatic form of statement, in particular, they are used are used to express strong feelings (Latin exclamare : "to call out, to cry out"). (http://english.unitecnology.ac.nz/resources/resources/exp_lang/sentence.html 07.05.07, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics) 07.05.07)

ExclamatoryDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExclamatoryDeterminer

A exclamatory determiner is used in combination with a Nominal Phrase in order to create an exclamation (a more emphatic form of statement), e.g. "What a lovely colour!", "What a wonderful day this is!" (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/pub/eagles/lexicons/elm_en.ps.gz, p.27, 07.05.07; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics), 07.05.07)

ExclamatoryPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExclamatoryPronoun

An exclamative pronoun is a word which marks an exclamation. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnExclamative.htm 19.09.06)

Exclusive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Exclusive

a form denoting that the addressee (addressees) are not included into the set of their referents which contain also the speaker

ExclusiveEmphaticParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExclusiveEmphaticParticle

In Urdu, the exclusive emphatic particle hî emphasizes the preceding word and excludes something else (which may not be expressed). (Schmidt 1999, p.233, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#ExclusiveEmphaticParticle) Compare with the inclusive emphatic particle bhî: maim *bhî* faisalâ karûm gâ "I'll *also* make a decision" maim *hî* faisalâ karûm gâ "*I'm the one who* will make the decision." (Schmidt 1999, p.237, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#InclusiveEmphaticParticle)

ExistentialParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExistentialParticle

English existential there is specified as a subtype of pronoun in MTE v4, i.e., Pronoun/Type="ex-there" (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ExistentialThere)

ExistentialPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExistentialPronoun

pronoun that indicates the existence of something or someone

ExpansionVariation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExpansionVariation

Description of the kind of variation between full and abbreviated forms.

ExperiencerRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExperiencerRole

An experiencer instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who takes the event in through sensory means in some way. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#experiencerRole)

Expletive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Expletive

Word which serves no grammatical function, but which fills up a sentence or gives emphasis. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1283)

ExpletiveArgument

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExpletiveArgument

Three different expletive usages [of the German expletive pronoun es] are traditionally distinguished: formal subject or object (expletive argument), correlate of an extraposed clausal argument (expletive correlate), and Vorfeld-es (structural expletive) (cf. (Eisenberg 1999 2001), (Pütz 1986)). ... The formal subject obligatorily occurs with weather verbs, e.g. "Es regnet" and unpersonal or agentless constructions such as "Es gibt so eine Buchung" or "Es geht um populäre Unterhaltung." Some verbs optionally permit an expletive subject but also occur with referential subjects such as "Max/Es kopft an der Tür." A formal object is found in constructions like "jmd. legt es an auf etw." or "jmd. verdirbt es mit jmdm." In all examples mentioned, es functions as a grammatical argument without semantic contribution, i.e. it does not refer to a person, object, or event. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.60f)

ExpletiveCorrelate

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExpletiveCorrelate

Three different expletive usages [of the German expletive pronoun es] are traditionally distinguished: formal subject or object (expletive argument), correlate of an extraposed clausal argument (expletive correlate), and Vorfeld-es (structural expletive) (cf. (Eisenberg 1999 2001), (Pütz 1986)). (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.60) Extraposed clausal arguments: "Aber [es] ist übertrieben zu sagen, damit bekäme die FU erst eine Identität." (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.62)

ExpletivePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExpletivePronoun

An expletive (also known as a dummy word) is a part of speech whose members have no meaning, but complete a sentence to make it grammatical [Crystal 1997, 127] (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Expletive) In European languages, expletives are pronouns. A verbal part of speech that "has no meaning, but complete a sentence to make it grammatical" is a copula (see AuxiliaryVerb).

ExtentRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ExtentRole

-EXT (extent) â ´ marks adverbial phrases that describe the spatial extent of an activity. -EXT was incorporated primarily for cases of movement in financial space, but is also used in analogous situations elsewhere. (S (NP-SBJ the Dow Jones Industrial Average) (VP plunged (NP-EXT 190.58 points))) (S (NP-SBJ She) (VP walked (NP-EXT 5 miles))) Obligatory complements do not receive -EXT: (S (NP-SBJ The sumo wrestler) (VP gained (NP 80 pounds))) Words such as fully and completely are absolutes and do not receive -EXT. (Bies et al. 1995)

Extraposition

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Extraposition

*EXP* — Expletive (extraposition) ... In cases where a clausal subject has been extraposed and replaced by an expletive it, we use a type of pseudo-attach called *EXP*. (In the small ATIS sample included with this release, it is also used for existential there.) Use of *EXP*-attach is discussed in more detail in section 17 [It-Extraposition]. (S (NP-SBJ (NP It) (SBAR *EXP*-1)) (VP is (ADJP-PRD clear) (PP to (NP me)) (SBAR-1 that (S (NP-SBJ this message) (VP is (ADJP-PRD unclear)))))) (Bies et al. 1995)

FacetiousRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FacetiousRegister

Register related to an expression that is intended to be clever and funny but that is really silly and annoying. (Longma DCE; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1991)

FactiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FactiveCase

case category of the Hungarian MULTEXT-East scheme, e.g., amilyenné/amilyen, azzá/az, erőddé/erő, jelmezeivé/jelmez, jelükké/jel, kevéssé/kevés, Kissé/Kiss, legjelentéktelenebbekké/jelentéktelen (hu) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FactiveCase)

FacultativePrepositionalObject

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FacultativePrepositionalObject

facultative (i.e. optional) prepositional object, e.g., passivized subject (von-phrase)

FamiliarSecondPersonPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FamiliarSecondPersonPronoun

In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g. Dutch u and Spanish usted. The concept FamiliarSecondPersonPronoun applies to the corresponding unmarked forms for informal conversiation in such languages. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1p 19.09.06)

FamilyName

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FamilyName

In most European cultures, family names have been introduced into name formulas to identify a person's family, so that individuals with the same given name can be distinguished. (CC)

Feminine

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Feminine

Feminine gender is a grammatical gender that marks nouns, articles, pronouns, etc. that have human or animal female referents, and often marks nouns that have referents that do not carry distinctions of sex. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2at 17.11.06)

FinalField

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FinalField

In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final. Only in verb-final clauses the verb complex consisting of the finite verb and non-finite verbal elements forms a unit. The discontinuous positioning of the verbal elements in verb-first and verb-second clauses is the traditional reason for structuring German clauses into fields. The positions of the verbal elements form the Satzklammer (sentence bracket) which divides the sentence into a Vorfeld (initial field), a Mittelfeld (middle field), and a Nachfeld (final field). The Vorfeld and the Mittelfeld are divided by the linke Satzklammer (left sentence bracket), which is the finite verb, the rechte Satzklammer (right sentence bracket) is the verb complex between the Mittelfeld and the Nachfeld. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.13)

FiniteClause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FiniteClause

FiniteVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FiniteVerb

A finite verb is a verb form that occurs in an independent clause, and is fully inflected according to the inflectional categories marked on verbs in the language. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAFiniteVerb.htm 19.09.06) Property applied to a verb form that can occur on its own in an independent sentence. (Crystal 2003; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1287)

FiniteVerbPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FiniteVerbPhrase

First

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource First

First person deixis is deictic reference that refers to the speaker, or both the speaker and referents grouped with the speaker (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1288) cf. gold:First: Refers to the speaker and one or more nonparticipants, but not hearer(s). Contrasts with FirstPersonInclusive (Crystal 1997: 285). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/First)

FirstExclusive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FirstExclusive

Refers to the speaker and one or more nonparticipants, but not hearer(s). Contrasts with FirstPersonInclusive (Crystal 1997: 285). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FirstExclusive)

FirstInclusive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FirstInclusive

Refers to the speaker, hearer(s) and possibly others. Contrasts with FirstPersonExclusive (Crystal 1997: 285). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FirstInclusive)

FirstPersonPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FirstPersonPronoun

A FirstPersonPronoun refers to the speaker, or to both the speaker and referents grouped with the speaker. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsFirstPersonDeixis.htm 19.09.06)

FixedExpression

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FixedExpression

Some forms can only be used in a fixed context, e.g., polsku in po polsku. They are classified as special kinds of adjectives in the IPIC. In the MTE version this information is preserved in the status of a "burkinostka". This term is devised by Magdalena Derwojedowa and refers to dependent words like Burkina which only make sense and can be morphosyntactically identified in a fixed combination (Burkina Faso).

FocusAntipassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FocusAntipassive

Blocks the P or logical object (basic absolutive) nominal from being assigned Focus salience. Topic salience is available for assignment to various arguments, including the P, but Focus salience is always assigned to A, and is therefore inaccessible to P or any other nominal. (Klaiman 1991:236) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FocusAntipassive)

FocusMarker

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FocusMarker

a morpheme indicating that the element it marks is the focus of the utterance.

ForceRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ForceRole

A force role is one in which the instantiator (the “force”) exerts some degree of energy which initiates (or impacts on) the execution of the event. In contrast to an agent, an instantitor of a force may be an inanimate entity, such as a climactic condition. The non-controlling entity instigating a Process (=Dynamism or Change) (Dik, 1997:118) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#forceRole)

Foreign

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Foreign

A foreign word is a text word which lies outside the traditionally accepted range of grammatical classes, it occurs quite commonly in many texts and very commonly in some. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.html#mr 19.09.06)

ForeignPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ForeignPhrase

Single foreign words are projected to a syntactic level assigned the node label FX, which is an universal label for any syntactic category (phrasal and sentential) in the respective foreign language. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.44)

FormalCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FormalCase

In Hungarian, `essive-formal' is in some descriptions simply called `formal', with the affix _-képp(en)_ and meaning (`in the form of ...', they probably meant when they came up with the term). In the Hungarian MULTEXT-East scheme, essive-formal and formal are distinguished. (Ivan A. Derzhanski, email 2010/06/15, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FormalCase)<br/>

FormalRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FormalRegister

Formal register. (12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1992)

Formula

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Formula

A formula (mathematical formulae) is a text word which lies outside the traditionally accepted range of grammatical classes, it occurs quite commonly in many texts and very commonly in some. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.html#mr 19.09.06)

Fraction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Fraction

e.g., يک‌چهارمِ/يک‌چهار يک‌پنجمِ/يک‌پنج (fa, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FractalNumeral)Numeral/Form="fractional" (Romanian)<br/> In traditional Romanian grammars, FractionalNumeral refers to expressions like treime-one third. (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FractalNumeral)e.g., treisprezecimea/treisprezecime, treisprezecimi/treisprezecime, treisprezecimii/treisprezecime, treisprezecimile/treisprezecime, treisprezecimilor/treisprezecime, unsprezecimea/unsprezecime, unsprezecimi/unsprezecime, unsprezecimii/unsprezecime, unsprezecimile/unsprezecime (ro, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#FractalNumeral)

Fragment

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Fragment

FRAG marks those portions of text that appear to be clauses, but lack too many essential elements for the exact structure to be easily determined (e.g., answers to questions). Predicate argument structure therefore cannot be extracted from FRAGs. (Bies et al. 1995) Sentence fragments that end with sentence- nal punctuation like Not even an earthquake. should not be bracketed as S, but only with the highest appropriate label|in this case, NP. Do not attach such fragments to the preceding or following full sentence. (Santorini 1991)

FrequentiveAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FrequentiveAspect

Events which are frequently repeated, differs from habitual in that it can only be based upon the observation of several occurrences of the event concerned, whereas habitual can be based upon the observation of a single occurrence (Bhat 1999: 53). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Frequentive)

Fronting

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Fronting

Expression occurs at the left periphery of the sentence. This includes various noncanonical and canonical word order possibilities. (Note that it is not restricted here to noncanonical word order; for noncanonical fronting see subconcepts, e.g., Topicalization.) (Chiarcos)

FullDefiniteArticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FullDefiniteArticle

For definiteness, when a specific form is the syntactic subject of the clause. (DFKI; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1928)

FusedPrepArt

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FusedPrepArt

The additional value Fused prep-art is for the benefit of those who do not find it practical to split fused words such as French au (= à + le) into two text words. This very common phenomenon of a fused preposition + article in West European languages should preferably, however, be handled by assigning two tags to the same orthographic word (one for the preposition and one for the article). (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1ap 19.09.06)

FusedPreposition

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FusedPreposition

Preposition that is the result of a morphological merge from at least two words. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1901)

FusedPrepositionPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FusedPrepositionPronoun

word resulting from the aggregation of a preposition and a pronoun

FusedPronounAuxiliary

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FusedPronounAuxiliary

word resulting from the aggregation of a pronoun and an auxiliary

Future

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Future

The future tense refers to events that have yet to happen. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future 17.11.06) The future tense refers to a tense category which places an event in the future. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#futureTense) FutureTense locates the situation in question later than the present moment (time of speaking.) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Future)

FutureInFuture

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FutureInFuture

FutureInFutureTense locates the situation in question in the future, relative to a temporal reference point that itself is located in the future relative to the moment of utterance. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FutureInFuture)

FutureInPast

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FutureInPast

FutureInPastTense locates the situation in question in the future, relative to a contextually determined temporal reference point that itself must be located in the past relative to the moment of utterance. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/FutureInPast)

FutureParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FutureParticle

Particle used in order to express future. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1919)

FuturePerfect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource FuturePerfect

RelativeFutureTense locates the situation in question after a contextually determined temporal reference point, regardless of the latter's relation to the moment of utterance. Also called FuturePerfectTense (Comrie 1985:69-71). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RelativeFuture) A verb tense that refers to an action or state of being completed in the future. Translation into English requires the use of the auxiliary verbs will/shall have. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1292) A tense of verbs describing an action that will have been performed by a certain time. In English this is formed with will have or shall have plus the past participle. (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=future+perfect; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1292)

Gapping

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Gapping

The term "gapping" refers to a form of coordination in which the coordinated phrases after the rst are incomplete. For instance, the gapped equivalent of the full coordination structure in (@18a) is given in ( 18b). ( 18) a. Mary likes Bach and Susan likes Beethoven. b. Mary likes Bach and Susan, Beethoven. Gapped sequences like Susan, Beethoven should be labelled X. On the other hand, while coordination constructions containing gapped sequences involve coordination of unlike categories, it is clear that the entire coordination structure is a clause; hence, it should be labelled S. (Santorini 1991)

GeneralizationWord

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource GeneralizationWord

A word that does not carry its own meaning but generalizes the meaning of a neighboring word, adding the "etc." sense.

GenitiveAttribute

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource GenitiveAttribute

added in conformance to the TIGER scheme

GenitiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource GenitiveCase

Genitive case signals that the referent of the marked noun is the possessor of the referent of another noun, e.g. "the man's foot". In some languages, genitive case may express an associative relation between the marked noun and another noun. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsGenitiveCase.htm 17.11.06)

GeographicalVariant

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource GeographicalVariant

Description of a specific form used in a certain region as opposed to another form used in another region (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1851)

Gerund

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Gerund

property for a non-finite form of a verb other than the infinitive. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2243) A gerund is a kind of verbal noun that exists in some languages. In today's English, gerunds are nouns built from a verb with an '-ing' suffix. They can be used as the subject of a sentence, an object, or an object of preposition. They can also be used to complement a subject. Often, gerunds exist side-by-side with nouns that come from the same root but the gerund and the common noun have different shades of meaning. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerund, http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/English:Gerund 19.09.06) The term _gerund_ is ambiguous: with respect to Latin, in whose grammatical tradition it originates, it refers to a deverbal noun, and is needed in this function for Polish as well; in descriptions of some other languages, however, it has been used for an adverbial participle. The two meanings have nothing in common, except that the English _ing_-form can translate both. (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/09) Here, it is assumed that Gerund refers only to deverbal nouns, cf. NominalNonfiniteVerb in the IIIT tagset (http://purl.org/olia/iiit.owl#NominalNonFiniteVerb)

GerundVerbPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource GerundVerbPhrase

VGNN Gerunds A verb chunk having a gerund will be annotated as VGNN. For example, h18a. sharAba ((pInA_VM))_VGNN sehata ke liye hAnikAraka hE. 'liquor' 'drinking' 'heath' 'for' 'harmful' 'is' “Drinking (liquor) is bad for health” h19a. mujhe rAta meM ((khAnA_VM))_VGNN acchA lagatA hai 'to me' 'night' 'in' 'eating' 'good' 'appeals' “I like eating at night” h20a. ((sunane_VM meM_PSP))_VGNN saba kuccha acchA lagatA hE 'listening' 'in' 'all' 'things' 'good' 'appeal' 'is' (Akshar Bharati, Dipti Misra Sharma, Lakshmi Bai, Rajeev Sangal (2006), AnnCorra : Annotating Corpora. Guidelines For POS And Chunk Annotation For Indian Languages, Tech. Rep., L anguage Technologies Research Centre IIIT, Hyderabad, version of 15-12-2006, http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/tr031/posguidelines.pdf)

GivenName

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource GivenName

In most European cultures, a given name designates an individual person throughout her/his life span. To distinguish people with the same name but from different families, additional elements have been introduced into name formulas that identify a person's family or ancestry. (CC)

GoalRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource GoalRole

A goal role instantiates the (intended) end location (directional path) of an event. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#goalRole)

GraphicalSeparator

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource GraphicalSeparator

Character string that appears between two written forms

HabitualAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource HabitualAspect

Habitual tense pertains to verbs which refer to an action that occurs repeatedly. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#habitualTense) Refers to the internal temporal contour of a situation — a repeated situation that occupies a large slice of time. Can be based on the observation of a single occurrence. (Bhat 1999:177) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Habitual)

HabitualMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource HabitualMood

"Habitual" is normally considered to be an aspect. Occasionally, it is, however, also described as a mood, e.g., by Bittner (2008, p. 354) for Kalaalisut (Greenlandic). Maria Bittner (2008), Aspectual universals of temporal anaphora, In: Susan Deborah Rothstein (ed.), Theoretical and crosslinguistic approaches to the semantics of aspect, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, p. 349-386.

HangingTopic

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource HangingTopic

HangingTopic constructions are closely related to LeftDislocation. Unlike LeftDislocation, the dislocated element and its resuming pronoun do not necessarily agree in case, number and gender. (Petrova and Odebrecht 2011, http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl#HangingTopic)

HaveAuxiliary

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource HaveAuxiliary

The verb have as an auxiliary. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnAuxiliaryVerb.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1299)

Head

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Head

TIGER edge label HDHeads are single words that function as the nucleus of a phrase. For instance, the head of the noun phrase John’s book is book. Book is also the head of the more complex noun phrase that interesting book that you were telling me about the other day. The head of the verb phrase telling me about the other day is telling. The head of a prepositional phrase is the preposition. (Santorini 1991)

HeadOfNP

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource HeadOfNP

The HeadFunction is a function of an adjective or participle that can serve as the focus of the phrase.

Headline

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Headline

-HLN (headline) — marks headlines and datelines. Note that headlines and datelines always constitute a unit of text that is structurally independent from the following sentence. (Bies et al. 1995)

HesternalPast

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource HesternalPast

HesternalPastTense locates the situation in question somewhere in the span beginning with the period defined culturally as 'yesterday' and extends back through some period that is considered nonremote (Comrie 1985:87-88; Dahl 1985:126). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/HesternalPast)

HodiernalFuture

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource HodiernalFuture

HodiernalFutureTense locates the situation in question after the moment of utterance within the span culturally defined as 'today' (Comrie 1985: 86; Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 247). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/HodiernalFuture)

HodiernalPast

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource HodiernalPast

HodiernalPastTense locates the situation in question before the moment of utterance within the span culturally defined as 'today' (Comrie 1985:87; Dahl 1985:125-126). Contrasts with PreHodiernalPastTense. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/HodiernalPast)

Homograph

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Homograph

Word that is written like another, but that has a different pronunciation, meaning, and/or origin.

Homonym

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Homonym

Word that sounds the same and is written the same as another word but is different in meaning.

Homophone

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Homophone

Word that sounds like another word, but is different in writiing or meaning.

Honorific

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Honorific

special form of language used when talking about those in positions of social situation (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2347)

HonorificCommonNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource HonorificCommonNoun

Dzongkha uses honorific forms: ན་བཟའ་/nam za/ (cloths) is the honorific form of the noun གོ་ ལ་/gola/(cloths), གསངས་/sung/(tell) the honorific form of the verb སབ་/lab/(tell). We opted to mark them by adding the tag NNH (honorific common noun) and VBH (honorific verb) to enable future research on this specific usage of Dzongkha language. A number of tags were added to the set, of which we describe four in more detail: two of the additional tags are subclasses of verbs: VBH (honorific verb form), and VBN which describes past participle forms, like, e.g. བངམ་/jun/(created), the past particle form of བང་/jung/(create). (Chungku et al. 2010) A noun, which indicates respect for the person being addressed, e.g., Miwang Gel-poi Yab “A king's father” [Though father=Apa, but colloquially we say YAB in Dzongkha] (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)

HonorificVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource HonorificVerb

Dzongkha uses honorific forms: ན་བཟའ་/nam za/ (cloths) is the honorific form of the noun གོ་ ལ་/gola/(cloths), གསངས་/sung/(tell) the honorific form of the verb སབ་/lab/(tell). We opted to mark them by adding the tag NNH (honorific common noun) and VBH (honorific verb) to enable future research on this specific usage of Dzongkha language. A number of tags were added to the set, of which we describe four in more detail: two of the additional tags are subclasses of verbs: VBH (honorific verb form), and VBN which describes past participle forms, like, e.g. བངམ་/jun/(created), the past particle form of བང་/jung/(create).

HortativeModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource HortativeModality

A term sometimes used in the grammatical analysis of verbs, to refer to a type of modal meaning in which an exhortation is made. An example of a hortative usage ('a hortative') is the 'let us' construction in English ('let us pray'). [Crystal 2008: 232] (http://linguistics-ontology.org/gold/2010/HortatoryForce)

Human

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Human

Hyphen

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Hyphen

Punctuation that is graphically presented as "-". (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2077)

Ideophone

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Ideophone

Ideophones are marked words that depict sensory imagery.

IllativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IllativeCase

IllativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location into which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'into' (Lyons 1968: 299; Gove, et al. 1966: 1126; Crystal 1985: 152). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Illative)

Image

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Image

graphical representation (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2249)

ImmediateFuture

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ImmediateFuture

ImmediateFutureTense, also called 'close future', locates the situation in question shortly after the moment of utterance (Dahl 1985:121; Comrie 1985:94; Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 244-245). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ImmediateFuture)

ImmediatePast

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ImmediatePast

ImmediatePastTense locates the situation in question at a time considered very recent in relation to the moment of utterance (Comrie 1985: 87). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ImmediatePast)

ImperativeModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ImperativeModality

Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a command, request, or exhortation (OED). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#imperativeModality)

ImperativeMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ImperativeMood

Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a command, request, or exhortation (OED). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#imperativeModality)

ImperativeVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ImperativeVerb

An imperative verb is used to express commands, direct requests, and prohibitions. Often, direct use of the imperative mood may appear blunt or even rude, so it is often used with care. Example: "Paul, read that book". (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood#Imperative_mood 19.09.06)

Imperfect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Imperfect

Verb tense that refers to action in the past that is incomplete or ongoing. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1304)

ImperfectiveAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ImperfectiveAspect

The Imperfective aspect is an aspect that expresses an event or state, with respect to its internal structure, instead of expressing it as a simple whole. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsImperfectiveAspect.htm 17.11.06) The imperfective aspects ... do not view the situation as bounded, but rather as ongoing in either a durative, continuative or habitual sense (Bybee 1985:21) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#imperfectiveAspect) A viewpoint aspect which encodes the speaker’s lack of attention to the endpoints of the situation referred to. Imperfective aspect is the prototypical mode of presentation for states (Michaelis 1998:xiv). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Imperfective)

ImpersonalPassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ImpersonalPassive

A Passive that alters the mapping of a nominal to the Subject relation in a basic intransitive structure (Klaiman 1991:23) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ImpersonalPassive)

ImpersonalPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ImpersonalPronoun

Pronoun lacking person referent. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1426) More precisely, a form of pronoun that denotes the absence of a concrete or specific referent, e.g., German "man". As opposed to IndefinitePronoun, this referent is not just discourse-new, but generic or hypothetical.

ImpersonalVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ImpersonalVerb

An impersonal verb is a verb that - occurs only in third person singular forms - has no specified agent , and - has a dummy subject or no subject. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnImpersonalVerb.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1306)(of a verb) having no logical subject. Usually in English the pronoun it is used in such cases as a grammatical subject, as for example in It is raining. (of a pronoun) not denoting a person (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=impersonal; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1306)

Impossible

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Impossible

to denote something that cannot be considered as being correct in a given language

InHouseRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InHouseRegister

Register of terms that are company-specific and not readily recognized outside this environment. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1993)

InablativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InablativeCase

InablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from within which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from within'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inablative)

InallativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InallativeCase

InallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is inside the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards in(side)'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inallative)

Inanimate

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Inanimate

Perceived as not living. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1952)

InanimateGender

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InanimateGender

One of the two grammatical genders, or noun classes, of Nishnaabemwin, the other being animate. Membership in the inanimate grammatical class is largely based on meaning, in that non-living things, such as objects of manufacture and natural 'non-living' things are included in it (Valentine 2001: 114). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inanimate)

InceptiveAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InceptiveAspect

InceptiveAspect, also called the ingressive, encodes the beginning portion of some event (Bybee 1985: 147, 149; Payne 1997: 240; Bhat 1999:176). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inceptive)

InchoativeAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InchoativeAspect

Aspect that expresses the beginning of an event or state.

Inclusive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Inclusive

the form denoting that the addressee (addressees) are included into the set of their referents which contain also the speaker

InclusiveEmphaticParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InclusiveEmphaticParticle

In Urdu, bhî is an emphatic particle meaning 'even'. In opposition to contrastive tô and exclusive hî, bhî is inclusive: maim *bhî* faisalâ karûm gâ "I'll *also* make a decision" maim *hî* faisalâ karûm gâ "*I'm the one who* will make the decision." (Schmidt 1999, p.237, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#InclusiveEmphaticParticle)

IncorporatingAntipassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IncorporatingAntipassive

Blocks the P or logical object (basic absolutive) nominal from being assigned Focus salience. This correlates with the P's morphosyntactic downgrading, whereby it becomes insusceptible to any informational salience assignment. (Klaiman 1991:236) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/IncorporatingAntipassive)

Indefinite

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Indefinite

An entity is specified as indefinite when it refers to a non-particularized individual of the species denoted by the noun. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#indefinite) Indefinite noun phrases are used to refer to entities which are not specific and identifiable in a given context. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definiteness 20.11.06)

IndefiniteArticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IndefiniteArticle

An indefinite article is used before singular nouns that refer to any member of a group. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_%28grammar%29 18.09.06)

IndefiniteCardinalQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IndefiniteCardinalQuantifier

ndefiniteCardinalNumeral: A word used to express imprecise quantity.

IndefiniteDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IndefiniteDeterminer

An indefinite determiner is a determiner that expresses a referent's indefinite number or amount, i.e. "some", "any", "many". (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuantifier.htm 22.09.06) Note that here, a separate top-level class Quantifier has been introduced that covers expressions of number and amount as *semantic* concepts. Plural indefinite determiners are thus to be modeled as IndefiniteDeteriner and Quantifier.

IndefiniteMultiplicativeQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IndefiniteMultiplicativeQuantifier

A word indicating imprecise number of times something happened.

IndefinitePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IndefinitePronoun

An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that belongs to a class whose members indicate indefinite reference. Examples in English are "anybody", "one", "somebody". (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnIndefinitePronoun.htm 19.09.06)

IndefiniteQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IndefiniteQuantifier

In the Czech and Slovak MTE v4 specs, Numeral/Class="indefinite" are items meaning `several/some', etc. Strictly speaking, they are pronumerals (pro-quantifiers), but traditional descriptions don't recognise such a category, so they are described variously as pronouns or as numerals (because their syntactic distribution is that of numerals, or very close)." (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/11, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#IndefiniteQuantifier)

IndicativeMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IndicativeMood

The indicative is the unmarked mood. It is used when no special modal nuance in the clause or sentence is intended. It is the default mood of independent declarative and often also of interrogative sentences. (http://www.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/proxy.php?port=8080&file=lido/servlet/Lido_Servlet Indikativ 18.06.07) Expression of assertion. (Bybee 1985:22) Pertaining to the mood or mode of a verb form or clause such that it predicates a stated relation of objective fact (OED). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#indicativeModality)

IndicativeVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IndicativeVerb

Indicative mood is used in factual statements. All intentions in speaking that a particular language does not put into another mood use the indicative. It is the most commonly used mood and is found in all languages. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood#Indicative_mood 19.09.06)

IndirectObject

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IndirectObject

An indirect object is a grammatical relation that is one means of expressing the semantic role of goal and other similar roles. It is proposed for languages in which the role is distinct from the direct object and the oblique object on the basis of multiple independent syntactic or morphological criteria, such as the following: (i) Having a particular case marking, commonly dative (ii) Governing an agreement affix on the verb, such as person or number (iii) Being distinct from oblique relations in that it may be relativized A noun, pronoun, or noun phrase indicating the recipient or beneficiary of the action of a verb and its direct object (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1310) Third argument of a ditransitive verb. Ditransitive recipient (Siewierska 2004:57). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#R)

InessiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InessiveCase

InessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location within which another referent exists. It has the meaning of 'within' or 'inside' (Lyons 1968: 299; Gove, et al. 1966: 1156; Crystal 1985: 156). X in Y. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Inessive)

Infinitive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Infinitive

An infinitive is the base form of a verb. It is unmarked for inflectional categories such as the following: Aspect, Modality, Number, Person and Tense. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnInfinitive.htm 19.09.06)

InfinitiveParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InfinitiveParticle

Particle used to express infinitive. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1896)

InfinitiveVerbPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InfinitiveVerbPhrase

VGINF Infinitival Verb Chunk This tag is to mark the infinitival verb form. In Hindi, both, gerunds and infinitive forms of the verb end with a -nA suffix. Since both behave functionally in a similar manner, the distinction is not very clear. However, languages such as Bangla etc have two different forms for the two types. Examples from Bangla are given below. b8. Borabela ((snAna karA))_VGNN SorIrera pokze BAlo 'Morning' 'bath' 'do-verbal noun' 'health-gen' 'for' 'good' ‘Taking bath in the early morning is good for health” b9. bindu Borabela ((snAna karawe))_VGINF BAlobAse 'Bindu' 'morning' 'bath' 'take-inf' 'love-3pr' “Bindu likes to take bath in the early morning” In Bangla, the gerund form takes the suffix –A / -Ano, while the infinitive marker is –we. The syntactic distribution of these two forms of verbs is different. For example, the gerund form is allowed in the context of the word darakAra “necessary” while the infinitive form is not, as exemplified below: b10 Borabela ((snAna karA))_VGNN darakAra 'Morning' 'bath' 'do-verbal noun' 'necessary' “It is necessary to take bath in the early morning” b11. *Borabela ((snAna karawe))_VGINF darakAra Based on the above evidence from Bangla, the tag VGINF has been included to mark a verb chunk. (Akshar Bharati, Dipti Misra Sharma, Lakshmi Bai, Rajeev Sangal (2006), AnnCorra : Annotating Corpora. Guidelines For POS And Chunk Annotation For Indian Languages, Tech. Rep., L anguage Technologies Research Centre IIIT, Hyderabad, version of 15-12-2006, http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/tr031/posguidelines.pdf)

Infix

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Infix

Affix inserted in the middle of a word to change its meaning or part of speech value. (Sue Ellen Wright; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1313)

Inflected

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Inflected

see subclasses

InflectedWithOvertMarker

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InflectedWithOvertMarker

An inflected form with overt morphological marking (as opposed to the base form and lexemes that do not inflect at all).

InfrequentlyUsed

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InfrequentlyUsed

Said of a term that does not appear frequently. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1985)

Initial

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Initial

When two distinct words occur, as in German "weder...noch...", then the first is given the Initial value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)

InitialCoordinatingConjunction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InitialCoordinatingConjunction

When two distinct words occur, as in German "weder...noch...", then the first is given the Initial value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)

InitialField

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InitialField

In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final. Only in verb-final clauses the verb complex consisting of the finite verb and non-finite verbal elements forms a unit. The discontinuous positioning of the verbal elements in verb-first and verb-second clauses is the traditional reason for structuring German clauses into fields. The positions of the verbal elements form the Satzklammer (sentence bracket) which divides the sentence into a Vorfeld (initial field), a Mittelfeld (middle field), and a Nachfeld (final field). The Vorfeld and the Mittelfeld are divided by the linke Satzklammer (left sentence bracket), which is the finite verb, the rechte Satzklammer (right sentence bracket) is the verb complex between the Mittelfeld and the Nachfeld. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.13)

Initialism

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Initialism

InstrumentNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InstrumentNoun

noun expressing an instrument of the action

InstrumentRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InstrumentRole

SemanticRole added in conformance with TIGER

InstrumentalCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InstrumentalCase

InstrumentalCase indicates that the referent of the noun it marks is the means of the accomplishment of the action expressed by the clause (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Instrumental)

Intensifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Intensifier

For Hindi, words like 'bahuta', 'kama', etc. when intensifying adjectives or adverbs will be annotated as INTF. Example, h37. hEdarAbAda meM aMgUra bahuta_INTF acche milate hEM 'HyderabAd' 'in' 'grapes' 'very' 'good' 'available' 'are' “Very good grapes are available in Hyderabad” (Bharati et al. 2006) Akshar Bharati, Dipti Misra Sharma, Lakshmi Bai, Rajeev Sangal (2006), AnnCorra : Annotating Corpora. Guidelines For POS And Chunk Annotation For Indian Languages, Tech. Rep., L anguage Technologies Research Centre IIIT, Hyderabad, version of 15-12-2006, http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/tr031/posguidelines.pdf

IntensiveNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IntensiveNoun

noun that emphasizes another noun

InterablativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterablativeCase

InterablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from between which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from inbetween'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interablative)

InterallativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterallativeCase

InterallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is in the middle of the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the middle of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interallative)

InteressiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InteressiveCase

InteressiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location between which another referent exists. It has the meaning of 'between'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interessive)

Interjection

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Interjection

An interjection is a form, typically brief, such as one syllable or word, which is used most often as an exclamation or part of an exclamation. It typically expresses an emotional reaction, often with respect to an accompanying sentence and may include a combination of sounds not otherwise found in the language, e.g. in English: psst; ugh; well, well (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnInterjection.htm 19.09.06)

InterlativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterlativeCase

InterlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location between which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'to the middle of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interlative)

InterminativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterminativeCase

'into in(side of)'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interminative)

InterrogativeAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterrogativeAdverb

Interrogative adverbs are used to introduce questions, e.g. "When are you coming?" (Angelika Adam)

InterrogativeCardinalQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterrogativeCardinalQuantifier

interrogativeCardinalNumeral: An interrogative/relative word used to ask about quantity.

InterrogativeDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterrogativeDeterminer

A interrogative is a function word used to introduce an interrogative clause. E.g. "which", "what", "whose" (interrogative possessive determiner) are interrogative determiner in English. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrogative_word 02.05.07)

InterrogativeModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterrogativeModality

The interrogative modality serves to indicate interrogative quality. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#interrogativeModality)

InterrogativeMultiplicativeQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterrogativeMultiplicativeQuantifier

An interrogative/relative word used to ask about the number of times something happened.

InterrogativeParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterrogativeParticle

Particle used to express a question. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1921)

InterrogativePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterrogativePronoun

A interrogative pronoun is a pro-form that is used in questions in place of the item questioned for. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnInterrogativeProForm.htm 19.09.06)

InterrogativePunctuation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterrogativePunctuation

Punctuation used when the sentence is interrogative. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2087)

InterrogativeQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterrogativeQuantifier

In the Czech and Slovak MTE v4 pecs, Numeral/Class="interrogative" are items meaning `how many/much', etc. Strictly speaking, they are pronumerals (pro-quantifiers), but traditional descriptions don't recognise such a category, so they are described variously as pronouns or as numerals (because their syntactic distribution is that of numerals, or very close)." (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/11, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#InterrogativeQuantifier)

InterterminativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InterterminativeCase

InterterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the middle of the referent of the noun it marks, but not through it. It has the meaning 'into the middle of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Interminative)

IntertranslativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IntertranslativeCase

IntertranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory between the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'along the in between. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Intertranslative)

Intransitive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Intransitive

A predicate/verb that takes one argument, e.g., English "to go", cf. van Valin and Lapolla (1997).

IntransitiveSubject

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IntransitiveSubject

Intransitive argument (S), single argument of an intransitive verb or only argument in a one-place predicate (frame). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#S)

IntranslativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IntranslativeCase

IntranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving through the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'along through'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Intranslative)

InverseVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InverseVoice

Signals when actions proceed from ontologically less salient to more salient participants (Klaiman 1991:32) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/InverseVoice)

InvertedComma

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InvertedComma

Inverted comma. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1443)

InvertedQuestionMark

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource InvertedQuestionMark

Punctuation used in certain languages at the beginning of an interrogative sentence. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2088)

IronicRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IronicRegister

Register for irony. (12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1994)

IrrealisModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IrrealisModality

Irrealis modality indicates the situation to which it pertains is non-actual or non-factual. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#irrealisModality)

IrrealisMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IrrealisMood

Irrealis modality indicates the situation to which it pertains is non-actual or non-factual. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#irrealisModality)

ItCleft

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ItCleft

-CLF (cleft) — marks it-clefts (“true” clefts) and may be added to the labels S, SINV, or SQ. See section 16 [Clefts]. (SQ-CLF Was (NP-SBJ it) (NP-PRD (NP John's) car) (SBAR (WHNP-6 0) (S (NP-SBJ you) (VP borrowed (NP *T*-6)))) ?) (Bies et al. 1995) S-CLF (it-cleft or “true” cleft) Declarative it-clefts are labeled S-CLF, expletive it is tagged as the surface subject (-SBJ), the SBAR is attached at VP-level, and a trace is coindexed to the wh-complementizer of the clefted portion. (See section 16 [Clefts] for more information.) (Bies et al. 1995)

IterativeAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource IterativeAspect

IterativeAspect, also called repetitives, encodes a number of events of the same type that are repeated on a particular occasion. The time interval which is relevant to the iterative is relatively shorter than in the case of the habitual (Bybee 1985: 150; Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 127). Portrays events repeated on the same occasion (like the iterative knocking on the door) (Bhat 1999: 53) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Iterative)

Izafat

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Izafat

The izāfat (pronounced as a shorter form of –ē–) is an enclitic of Persian origin which is used in Farsi and neighboring languages. In Urdu, it can be considered a preposition under certain circumstances: it links two nouns in a possessive relationship, although the phrase thus produced may often have a different meaning to a phrase produced with the native Urdu postposition kā. However, the izāfat may also join a noun to an adjective, in which case it is not so clearly accurate to describe it as a preposition parallel to the prepositions in European languages for which the EAGLES guidelines were compiled. A better way to treat izāfat is in the context of the Unique category of miscellaneous one-member wordclasses, discussed below. (Hardie 2003, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#Izafat) enclitic morpheme used to form noun phrases and that can denote possession, can form apposition or can join adjectives to nouns. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2999)

LativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LativeCase

LativeCase expresses 'motion up to the location of,' or 'as far as' the referent of the noun it marks (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 121; Gove, et al. 1966: 1277). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Lative)

LayoutElement

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LayoutElement

LeftDislocationField

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LeftDislocationField

The German Linksversetzungsfeld is a field for the left-dislocated phrase of resumptive constructions. A Linksversetzung is a pendent constituent. It can be regarded as a syntactic anticipation of a part of a sentence (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.16)

LeftParentheticalPunctuation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LeftParentheticalPunctuation

Beginning of a paired punctuation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2078)

LeftSentenceBracket

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LeftSentenceBracket

In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final. Only in verb-final clauses the verb complex consisting of the finite verb and non-finite verbal elements forms a unit. The discontinuous positioning of the verbal elements in verb-first and verb-second clauses is the traditional reason for structuring German clauses into fields. The positions of the verbal elements form the Satzklammer (sentence bracket) which divides the sentence into a Vorfeld (initial field), a Mittelfeld (middle field), and a Nachfeld (final field). The Vorfeld and the Mittelfeld are divided by the linke Satzklammer (left sentence bracket), which is the finite verb, the rechte Satzklammer (right sentence bracket) is the verb complex between the Mittelfeld and the Nachfeld. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.13)

Letter

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Letter

Letter. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1889)

LetterNumeral

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LetterNumeral

Numeral expressed with letters.

Lexeme

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Lexeme

Minimal unit of language which : has a semantic interpretation and embodies a distinct cultural concept. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsALexeme.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1325)

LexicalUnit

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LexicalUnit

A LexicalUnit is a grammatical expression that is known to the speakers of that language as a conventional expression of a particular concept. It consists of a single lexeme or a conventional combination of lexemes with certain unchangeable characteristics (CC).

LightVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LightVerb

In linguistics, a light verb is a verb participating in complex predication that has little semantic content of its own, but provides through inflection some details on the event semantics, such as aspect, mood, or tense. The semantics of the compound, as well as its argument structure, are determined by the head or primary component of the compound, which may be a verb or noun (V+V or V+N compounds). Other names for "light verb" include: vector verb or explicator verb, emphasising its role within the compound; or thin verb or semantically weak verb, emphasising (as with "light") its lack of semantics. A "semantically weak" verb is not to be confused with a "weak verb" as in the Germanic weak inflection. Light verbs are similar to auxiliary verbs in some ways. Most English light verbs occur in V+N forms sometimes called "stretched verbs": for example, take in take a nap, where the primary sense is provided by "nap", and "take" is the light verb. The light verbs most common in these constructions are also common in phrasal verbs. A verb which is "light" in one context may be "heavy" in another: as with "take" in I will take a book to read. Examples in other languages include the Yiddish geb in geb a helf (literally give a help, "help"); the French faire in faire semblant (lit. make seeming, "pretend"); the Hindi nikal paRA (lit. leave fall, "start to leave"); and the bǎ construction in Chinese.[1] Some verbs are found in many such expressions; to reuse an earlier example, take is found in take a nap, take a shower, take a sip, take a bow, take turns, and so on. Light verbs are extremely common in Indo-Iranian languages, Japanese, and other languages in which verb compounding is a primary mechanism for marking aspectual distinctions. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_verb)

ListMarker

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ListMarker

LST — List marker. (Bies et al. 1995)

LocationAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LocationAdverb

LocationRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LocationRole

Semantic role for the final location of action or a time of the action. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1326) Adverbials that indicate place/setting of the event. (PP-LOC on (NP the moon)) May also indicate metaphorical location: (PP-LOC amongst (NP yourselves)) (Bies et al. 1995)

LocationalCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LocationalCase

Category of case that denotes that the referent of the noun it marks is a location. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Locational)

LocativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LocativeCase

Case that indicates a final location of action or a time of the action. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1326)

LocativePassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LocativePassive

An oblique locative nominal assumes the subject relation. (Klaiman 1991:17) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/LocativePassive)

LocativePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource LocativePronoun

A Locative pronoun is a pronoun, which locates the object of a noun or place of anything. ་ ན་ གས་ ང་ ་ ག། Nâ[LP] PhÜntsho'ling-lu ShÔ 'Come here at Phuntsholing' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)

Macron

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Macron

Mark placed over a long vowel to mark quantity. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1327)

MainClause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MainClause

MainClause is the class of clauses that can stand on their own as a full, independent sentence. If a sentence contains any embedded clauses, the main clause is understood as the matrix plus the embedded clauses. In the sentence 'John thinks that Mary is sick', 'John thinks that Mary is sick' is the main clause [Crystal 2001, 231]. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/MainClause) The independent clause can stand by itself as a grammatically viable simple sentence. Multiple independent clauses can be joined (usually with a comma and a coordinating conjunction) to form a compound sentence (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#mainClause with reference to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause).

MainPunctuation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MainPunctuation

Punctuation that is more important than a secondary punctuation with regards to sentence splitting in a text. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2075)

MainVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MainVerb

Main verb in contrast to a modal or an auxiliary. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1400) verb which has its own semantics (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-3004, plainVerb)

MalefactiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MalefactiveCase

Opposite of BenefactiveCase; used when the marked noun is negatively affected in the clause. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Malefactive)

MalefactorRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MalefactorRole

A maleficiary (malefactor) instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who stands to undergoe a misfortune, or be at a disadvantage in some way from the event. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#maleficiaryRole)

MannerAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MannerAdverb

MannerNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MannerNoun

noun expressing a manner

MannerRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MannerRole

Manner applies to constituents that denote how something is carried out. Adverbs may also denote manner, however, they are not annotated at any of the syntactic layers. (Dipper et al. 2007, §5.3.11)

Masculine

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Masculine

Masculine gender is a grammatical gender that marks nouns, articles, pronouns, etc. having human or animal male referents, and often marks nouns having referents that do not have distinctions of sex. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsMasculineGender.htm 17.11.06)

Masdar

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Masdar

property that expresses a verbal idea under an abstract form. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2224) the verbal noun present in Arabic and various Caucasian languages, such as Georgian and North-Caucasian languages. This grammatical term is an Arabic word, used later as a specialized, technical term to name the verbal noun in Arabic and Caucasian grammar. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masdar)

MassNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MassNoun

A mass noun (also uncountable noun or non-count noun) can't be modified by a numeral, occur in singular/plural or co-occur with the relevant kind of determiner. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_noun 19.09.06)

MeasureArgument

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MeasureArgument

added in conformance with TIGER

MediopassiveVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MediopassiveVoice

voice which subsumes both the middle voice and the passive voice

MentalAbilitiveModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MentalAbilitiveModality

MentalAbilitiveModality indicates that an agent has the capacity to perform some mental action [Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 192; Palmer 2001: 77].

MiddleField

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MiddleField

In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final. Only in verb-final clauses the verb complex consisting of the finite verb and non-finite verbal elements forms a unit. The discontinuous positioning of the verbal elements in verb-first and verb-second clauses is the traditional reason for structuring German clauses into fields. The positions of the verbal elements form the Satzklammer (sentence bracket) which divides the sentence into a Vorfeld (initial field), a Mittelfeld (middle field), and a Nachfeld (final field). The Vorfeld and the Mittelfeld are divided by the linke Satzklammer (left sentence bracket), which is the finite verb, the rechte Satzklammer (right sentence bracket) is the verb complex between the Mittelfeld and the Nachfeld. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.13)

MiddleVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MiddleVoice

A verb that appears active but expresses a passive action may be called middle voice, e.g. 'The chicken cooked in the oven'. In Greek the middle voice is often reflexive expressing a causative reading or that the action is performed for one's own benefit. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#middleVoice)

MixedInflection

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MixedInflection

German mixed inflection takes its name from the fact that it has endings from both the strong inflection and the weak inflection. The mixed inflection is used after the indefinite article "ein" and after "irgendein" e.g. "(irgend) ein kleines Kind", after "kein" or after possessive pronouns e.g. "ihr kleines Kind". (http://www.canoo.net/services/OnlineGrammar/Wort/Adjektiv/Deklinationstyp/Gemischt.html?MenuId=Word3132 20.11.06) Mixed inflection is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens.

ModalParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ModalParticle

Particle which functions as a modal. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1920)

ModalVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ModalVerb

Verb form that is usually used with another verb to express ideas such as possibilities, permission, or intention. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1329) A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to indicate modality. The use of auxiliary verbs to express modality is characteristic of Germanic languages. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal_verb 19.09.06) In addition to main and auxiliary verbs, it may be useful (e.g. in English) to recognise an intermediate category of semi-auxiliary for such verbs as be going to, have got to, ought to. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1v 20.09.06) The auxiliaries in English subdivide into the primary verbs `be', `have', and `do', which can also function as main verbs, and the modal auxiliaries such as `can', `will', and `would', which are uninflected, and always function as auxiliaries. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/morphsyn/node158.html#SECTION00054800000000000000)

ModalityMarkingAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ModalityMarkingAdverb

A modality-marking adverb is a verbal particle that serves to indicate mood, aspect and/or tense (cf. Schmidt 1999). Note that this is not to be confused with the conventional meaning of "modal adverb" in the sense of "manner adverb" (cf. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_modal_adverbs), hence the uncommon name. Ruth Laila Schmidt (1999) Urdu, an essential grammar, Routledge, London.

ModernUsage

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ModernUsage

Currently in use. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1962)

Modifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Modifier

added in conformance with TIGER

ModifierAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ModifierAdverb

Adverb/Type="modifier" is used in the English, Romanian and Hungarian MTE v4 specs. For Romanian, Adverb/Type="modifier" applies to adverbs which can have predicative role, that is they can govern a subordinate sentence (ex. Fireşte că o ştiu -- Certainly I know it). Here (for uniformity within a multilingual environment), they are squeezed into the modifier class. (MTE v4) e.g., better (en) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ModifierAdverb)

Morpheme

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Morpheme

A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAMorpheme.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1330)

MorphologicalParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MorphologicalParticle

added in accordance with TIGER MorphologicalParticle

Multal

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Multal

Multal is a number property that refers to a large number of individuals.

MultipleNumeral

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MultipleNumeral

A Multiple Numeral serves to define a complex whole, with respect to the number of its parts, e.g., English "twofold", "twice" or "manyfold". Used in morphosyntactic descriptions of, e.g., Romanian, Slovak and Czech. (Joseph Ghostwick [1878], English language -- Grammar, Historical, London, Longmans, Green, and Co.; http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#MultipleNumeral)

MultiplicativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MultiplicativeCase

The multiplicative case is a grammatical case used for marking a number of something ("three times"). The case is found in the Hungarian language, for example nyolc (eight), nyolcszor (eight times). The case appears also in Finnish as an adverbial (adverb-forming) case. Used with a cardinal number it denotes the number of actions; for example, viisi (five) -> viidesti (five times). Used with adjectives it refers to the mean of the action, corresponding the English suffix -ly: kaunis (beautiful) -> kauniisti (beautifully). It is also used with a small number of nouns: leikki (play) -> leikisti (just kidding, not really). In addition, it acts as an intensifier when used with a swearword: piru -> pirusti. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative_case)A case used in the Hungarian MULTEXT-East scheme, e.g., tizennegyedszer/tizennegyed, tucatszor/tucat, tízezredszer/tízezred (hu) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#MultiplicativeCase)

MultiplicativeMarker

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource MultiplicativeMarker

In Urdu, multiplicative numerals are formed by adding the suffix gunâ (Schmidt 1999, p. 260,http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#MultiplicativeMarker)

NamedEntity

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NamedEntity

segment of text for which one or many rigid designators stands for the referent (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2275)

NearFuture

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NearFuture

adopted from GOLD, no definition given there (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NearFuture)

NecessitativePassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NecessitativePassive

A passive in Irish in which the preposition "with" is used, and a semantic meaning of necessity is added. (Noonan 1994:280) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NecessitativePassive)

Negation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Negation

denotes the negation or the absence (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1839) http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Negated: Negative="yes" encodes negative verbal word-forms in Slavic languages and Estonian. (MTE v4) In Slovak, for example, verbs form negative by prefix 'ne-', with the exception of the verb "byť" (E. "to be") which forms the negative in indicative by using separate particle "nie", e.g. "nie je" (is not). Here, Slovak "je" would be marked as negative, despite having positive form. In Resian, negative is always marked as 'n' except for two verbs: 'nïman' / not to have, 'nïsi' / not to be. (MTE v4)

NegativeAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NegativeAdverb

Adverb/Type="negative" are used in the Serbian and Romanian MTE v4 specs, e.g., for Romanian nicăieri - nowhere, niciodată - never. (MTE v4) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NegativeAdverb)

NegativeDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NegativeDeterminer

Determiner/Type="negative" (Romanian)<br/> In Romanian the negative determiner is expressed by the unit nici + indefinite article (e.g. nici un, nici o). (MTE v4) e.g., nici-o/nici_un, nici_o/nici_un, nici_un, nici_unei/nici_un, nici_unii/nici_un, nici_unor/nici_un, nici_unui/nici_un (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NegativeDeterminer)

NegativeParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NegativeParticle

Particle used to express negation. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1894)

NegativePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NegativePronoun

Pronoun used in a context of a negation or for expressing a negation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1925)

Neuter

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Neuter

Neuter gender is a grammatical gender that includes those nouns, articles, pronouns, etc. having referents which do not have distinctions of sex, and often includes some which do have a natural sex distinction. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsNeuterGender.htm 17.11.06)

NeutralRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NeutralRegister

The register appropriate to general texts or discourse. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1999)

Nominal

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Nominal

-NOM (nominal) — marks free (“headless”) relatives and gerunds when they act nominally. (See section 9 [WH-Phrases] for more information about free relatives, and section 13 [Gerunds and Participles] for more information about gerunds.) (Bies et al. 1995)

NominalNumber

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NominalNumber

Nominal numbers are used to identify or refer the things. It does not show the quantity or rank. Example: ངེ་གི་ འགལ་འཕིན་ ཨང་གངས་ འདི་ ༡༧༦༤༩༠༣༧ ཨིན། NGIGI DRUELTHRIN ANGDRANG 'DI 17649037 INN my mobile number is 17649037 be “ My mobile number is 17649037.” (Jurmey Rabgay, email Sep 20, 2010, http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#NominalNumber)

NominalPredicate

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NominalPredicate

A nominal predicate (noun or adjective), either with or without copula. The term nominal predicate may be used for the complements of further copulative verbs (cf. small clauses), e.g. "consider", "call", etc. (Dipper et al. 2007, §4.3.5)

NominalQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NominalQuantifier

A noun which quantifies one or more things, regardless of subject and an object. ང་གིས་ བམོ་ ལ་ དང་ ཕད་ཅི། NGAGI BUM 'NGA 'DA CHECI I girl five with met “I met with five girls.” (Jurmey Rabgay, email Sep 20, 2010)

NominalizedVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NominalizedVerb

A non-finite embedded construction which contains features with nominal properties (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#withNominalProperites, with reference to Dik 1997)

Nominative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Nominative

In nominative-accusative languages, nominative case marks clausal subjects and is applies to nouns in isolation. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsNominativeCase.htm 17.11.06)

NonAgentiveVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonAgentiveVerb

A non-agentive verb is a type of verb, which indicates an action without the doer. Example: ང་མ་ འ ར་ ས། 'lungma phur-dä 'A wind is blowing' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)

NonEmphatic

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonEmphatic

In languages where emphasis can be grammatically marked, the unmarked form would be considered NonEmphatic, see #Emphatic

NonFiniteEmbeddedConstruction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonFiniteEmbeddedConstruction

An embedded construction which contains a non-finite verb form (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#non-finiteEmbeddedConstruction with reference to Dik 1997)

NonFiniteVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonFiniteVerb

Verb forms occurring on their own only in dependent clauses and lacking tense and mood contrasts. (adapted from Crystal 2003; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1332) A non-finite verb is a verb that is not fully inflected for categories that are marked inflectionally in a language, such as the following: Tense, Aspect, Modality, Number, Person. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsANonfiniteVerb.htm 19.09.06)

NonInitial

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonInitial

When two distinct words occur, as in German weder...noch..., then the second is given the Non-initial value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)

NonInitialCoordinatingConjunction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonInitialCoordinatingConjunction

When two distinct words occur, as in German weder...noch..., then the second is given the Non-initial value. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)

NonInversePassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonInversePassive

An agent-demoting voice construction where the realization of the demoted agent is not obligatory (against Inverse). In terminological systems that distinguish "InverseVoice" from "Passive" (e.g., Givon, 1988), this is the "Passive" concept. (Ch. Chiarcos) Associated with actions performed on the subject by an unspecified agent. (McIntosh 1984:108) Refers to the category of verb forms, typically identifies with a specific morphological marking, that encode the derived diatheses in which the agent role is not linked with a subject noun phrase (Shibatani 1995:7) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Passive)

NonNegated

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonNegated

Non-negated verbs carry no morphological marks of negation. In Resian, negative is always marked as 'no' except for two verbs: 'nïman' / not to have, 'nïsi' / not to be. In Slovak, verbs form negative by prefix 'ne-', with the exception of the verb "byť" (E. "to be") which forms the negative in indicative by using separate particle "nie", e.g. "nie je" (is not). Here, "je" would be marked as negative, despite having positive form. (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NonNegated)

NonReflexive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonReflexive

A non-reflexive verb is a verb whose semantic agent and patient (typically represented syntactically by the subject and the direct object) are not the same. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verbs 20.11.06)

NonSeparable

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonSeparable

Non-separable verbs are not composed of a verb stem and a separable affix. (cf. SeparabilityFeature: Separable)

NonabsolutiveAntipassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonabsolutiveAntipassive

An Antipassive in which the P or logical object is overtly downgraded. (Klaiman 1991:232) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NonabsolutiveAntipassive)

NonfiniteVerbPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonfiniteVerbPhrase

NonpromotionalInverseVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonpromotionalInverseVoice

Involves demotion of the non-topical obviate-agent from subjecthood. (Givon 1994:24) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NonpromotionalInverse)

NonreducedInflection

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonreducedInflection

Nonreduced adjective inflection of Slavic languages, e.g., Czech nejubožejšími/ubohý, nejvyspělejších/vyspělý, nejvyšších/vysoký, nejvznešenějšímu/vznešený, nejvážnějšímu/vážný, nejvýznamnějších/významný, nejvýznamnějšími/významný, nejvýznamnějšímu/významný, největšími/velký (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#CompoundAdjective)

Nonspecific

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Nonspecific

"By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer. In the specific reading there is a particular deer, say Bambi, that I am looking for. In the non-specific reading I will be happy to find any deer. Von Heusinger (2002) likes the test in English of inserting ʻcertainʼ after the ʻaʼ to fix the specific reading. In either reading of (3) a deer is being introduced as a new discourse referent. This is opposed to ʻdefiniteʼ which requires a previous pragmatic instantiation as in ʻIʼm looking for the deer.ʼ In English both the readings of (3) are indefinite. In Klallam, the specific demonstratives are neither definite nor indefinite." (Montler, Timothy. 2007. Klallam demonstratives. Papers ICSNL XLVII. The 42nd International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Language, pp. 409-425. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20; on specific vs. nonspecific determiners in Klallam, a Salish language, http://montler.net/papers/KlallamDemons.pdf) A nonspecific pronoun refers to an unidentified or general entity (e.g., "I saw *someone*", "I saw *everyone*"). A nonspecific pronoun is not, therefore, a personal pronoun, but an indefinite one. (Andrews 2003). Andrews, Richard J. (2003), Introduction to Classical Nahuatl. University of Oklahoma Press. Halliday, M.A.K. (1985), An introduction to Functional Grammar, London: Edward Arnold (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NonspecificPronoun)

NonspecificArticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonspecificArticle

"By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer. In the specific reading there is a particular deer, say Bambi, that I am looking for. In the non-specific reading I will be happy to find any deer. Von Heusinger (2002) likes the test in English of inserting ʻcertainʼ after the ʻaʼ to fix the specific reading. In either reading of (3) a deer is being introduced as a new discourse referent. This is opposed to ʻdefiniteʼ which requires a previous pragmatic instantiation as in ʻIʼm looking for the deer.ʼ In English both the readings of (3) are indefinite. In Klallam, the specific demonstratives are neither definite nor indefinite." (Montler, Timothy. 2007. Klallam demonstratives. Papers ICSNL XLVII. The 42nd International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Language, pp. 409-425. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20; on specific vs. nonspecific determiners in Klallam, a Salish language, http://montler.net/papers/KlallamDemons.pdf)

NonspecificPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NonspecificPronoun

In the Russian MTE v4 specs, Pronoun/Type="nonspecific" marks the following Russian words: весь 'all', всякий 'any, every', сам 'oneself', самый 'the very', каждый 'every, each', иной 'other', любой 'any', другой 'other'. The name "nonspecific" follows Halliday (1985, Section 6.2.1.1). (MTE v4) A nonspecific pronoun refers to an unidentified or general entity (e.g., "I saw *someone*", "I saw *everyone*"). A nonspecific pronoun is not, therefore, a personal pronoun, but an indefinite one. (Andrews 2003). Andrews, Richard J. (2003), Introduction to Classical Nahuatl. University of Oklahoma Press. Halliday, M.A.K. (1985), An introduction to Functional Grammar, London: Edward Arnold (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NonspecificPronoun)

NotTemporallyAnchored

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NotTemporallyAnchored

To be used for actions that are not bound to a particular reference point.

Noun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Noun

A noun, or noun substantive, is a part of speech (a word or phrase) which can co-occur with (in)definite articles and attributive adjectives, and function as the head of a noun phrase. The word "noun" derives from the Latin 'nomen' meaning "name", and a traditional definition of nouns is that they are all and only those expressions that refer to a person, place, thing, event, substance, quality, idea or an appointment. They serve as the subject or object of a verb, and the object of a preposition. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun 19.09.06)

NounHeadedPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NounHeadedPhrase

A NounHeadedPhrase takes a nominal as its (semantic) head. Introduced as a generalization over NounPhrase and PrepositionalPhrase for reasons of consistency with dependency parsers like Connexor where this differentiation is not made.

NounPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NounPhrase

At phrase level, the noun phrase is probably the least problematic of the categories to be dealt with. In general, a noun phrase will a have noun or a pronoun as its head, and included within the noun phrase are the determinative elements, any premodification, and any postmodification. The examples below, 14 to 17 show noun phrases with the head noun/pronoun in bold: (14) [NP He NP] was a tiny man (15) [NP his white shirt cuffs NP] (16) [NP his surprisingly thick and hairy wrists NP] (17) [NP some wholly unanticipated but remotely possible event of absorbing interest NP] However, noun phrases may also occur with adjectival heads, as in 18 and 19: (18) [NP The unemployed NP] have had enough (19) We've beaten [NP the best NP] or with a head which is a cardinal or ordinal number, as in 20 and 21: (20) [NP The ninth NP] is my particular favourite (21) [NP The other seven NP] continued with the trip In `pro-drop' languages, such as Spanish and Italian, pronominal Subjects are usually not expressed. Depending on the chosen type of analysis, this may require another definition of noun phrase, in order to include `empty noun phrases', in which the pronoun is not actually present, but may be inferred from the verb ending. A classic constituency test for Noun Phrases is that only whole NPs can be moved within the same sentence. In English, constituents can be preposed to achieve some effect, as in 23 (from Radford 1988: 70): (22) I can't stand your elder sister (23) Your elder sister I can't stand (though your brother's OK). Examples 24 and 25 show that it is not possible to move only part of the NP: (24) *Your elder I can't stand sister (25) *Elder sister, I can't stand your However, this test should be used with caution. It works well in English, but not always in other languages. For example, in 26 Neue Bücher is moved to the beginning of the sentence while keine is left at the end: (26) Neue Bücher habe ich keine new books have I no `I have not got any new books' (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node32.html)NounPhrase is the class of phrases that have nouns as heads. They can play the role of subject in a main clause. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NounPhrase)

NucleonicMiddle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NucleonicMiddle

Object of action belongs to. Moves into, or moves from sphere of subject. (Siewierska 1988:257) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/NucleonicMiddle)

Numeral

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Numeral

A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as an adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number, and relation to the number, such as one of the following: Quantity, Sequence, Frequency, Fraction. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsANumeral.htm 19.09.06)

NumeralBoth

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NumeralBoth

Numeric value for two.

NumeralModifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource NumeralModifier

A nominal is modified by a numeral. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#numeralModifier)

ObjectiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ObjectiveCase

Case used to express the direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, object complement and subject of an infinitive.

ObligativeModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ObligativeModality

ObligativeModality indicates that an agent is required to perform the action expressed by the predicate [Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 177; Palmer 2001: 71].

ObliqueCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ObliqueCase

Case that is used when a noun is the object of a verb or a proposition, except for nominative and vocative case. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1336)

ObliquePassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ObliquePassive

A Passive in which a basic Oblique nominal assumes the Subject relation in a corresponding nonbasic configuration. Can include locative passives, benefactive passives and instrumental passives. (Klaiman 1991:23) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ObliquePassive)

ObliqueRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ObliqueRole

A semantic role which is not straightforward. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#obliqueCase)

OldUsage

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OldUsage

Used in the past. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1961)

OmittedUnit

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OmittedUnit

*U* â ´ unit ... This element marks the interpreted position of a unit symbol, such as $, # (British pounds), FFr (French francs), C$, US$, HK$, A$, M$, S$, and NZ$. It may also appear after % or even cents, when convenient. See section 11 [Modification of NP] for more details on the use of *U*. ... In general, *U* is placed where the word corresponding to the symbol would appear in the string if the text were read aloud. One notable exception is in certain hyphenated compound adjectives, such as a $5-a-share increase (spoken: â ¼A five dollar a share increaseâ ½). Here, the bracketing will usually not reflect the spoken order, with *U* placed as the last element in the ADJP: (NP a (ADJP $ 5-a-share *U*) increase) Sometimes, this type may lack the *U* entirely. (Bies et al. 1995)

OnceNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OnceNoun

noun conveying the meaning that the action is performed once

OpenAngleBracket

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OpenAngleBracket

< *LAB* Left angle bracket (Santorini 1991)

OpenBracket

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OpenBracket

Punctuation that is represented graphically as [ (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2082)

OpenCurlyBracket

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OpenCurlyBracket

Punctuation that is graphically represented as { (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2084)

OpenParenthesis

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OpenParenthesis

Beginning of a pair of parenthesis. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1442)

OpenQuote

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OpenQuote

quotation mark, opening

OpenSquareBracket

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OpenSquareBracket

[ *LSB* Left square bracket (Santorini 1991)

OptativeModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OptativeModality

Optative indicates that the speaker wishes or hopes that the expressed proposition be the case (Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 179; Palmer 2001: 204). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Optative)

OptativeMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OptativeMood

Optative indicates that the speaker wishes or hopes that the expressed proposition be the case (Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 179; Palmer 2001: 204). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Optative)

OrdinalAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OrdinalAdjective

Adjective expressing a numeric ranking. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1338) Cf. "second", "next", "last"

OrdinalNumber

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OrdinalNumber

An ordinal number is a number belonging to a class whose members designate positions in a sequence, e.g. in English "First", "Second", "Third". (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAOrdinalNumeral.htm 19.09.06)

OtherAnimacy

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OtherAnimacy

Perceived as related to animacy, but without specific reference to the previous items. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1953)

OtherSourceEvidentiality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource OtherSourceEvidentiality

An indication that the source of information is someone other than the speaker. [Aikhenvald 2006: 106]

ParentheticalPunctuation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ParentheticalPunctuation

Parenthetical elements are dominated by a node labeled PRN. Punctuation marks that set off a parenthetical (i.e., commas, dashes, parentheses (-LRB- and -RRB-)) are contained within the PRN node. Use of PRN is determined ultimately by individual annotator intuition, though the presence of dashes or parentheses strongly suggests a parenthetical. (Bies et al. 1995)

Participle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Participle

A participle is a lexical item, derived from a verb that has some of the characteristics and functions of both verbs and adjectives. In English, participles may be used as adjectives, and in non-finite forms of verbs. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAParticiple.htm 19.09.06) Non-finite form of a verb other than the infinitive that is used in many languages possibly in conjunction with an auxiliary and that functions attributively, predicatively or adverbially. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1341)

ParticipleAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ParticipleAdjective

Adjective based on a verb. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1598)

Particle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Particle

synonym of Unique, to be avoided because of its divergent definitions (Chiarcos)

ParticleAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ParticleAdverb

Word that is both an adverb and a particle.

PartitiveArticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PartitiveArticle

A partitive article indicates an indefinite quantity of a mass noun; there is no partitive article in English, though the words some or any often have that function. An example is French du / de la / des, as in Voulez-vous du café? ("Do you want some coffee?" or "Do you want coffee"). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_(grammar) 19.09.06)

PartitiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PartitiveCase

The partitive case is a grammatical case which denotes "partialness", "without result", or "without specific identity". (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#partitiveCase with reference to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitive) PartitiveCase expresses the partial nature of the referent of the noun it marks, as opposed to expressing the whole unit or class of which the referent is a part. This case may be found in items such as the following: existential clauses, nouns that are accompanied by numerals or units of measure, or predications of material from which something is made. It often has a meaning similar to the English word 'some' (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 161; Richards, Platt, and Weber 1985: 208; Quirk, et al. 1985: 249; Gove, et al. 1966: 1648; Sebeok 1946: 1214). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Partitive)

PartitiveDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PartitiveDeterminer

A partitive determiner indicates an indefinite quantity of a mass noun; there is no partitive article in English, though the words some or any often have that function. (Wilson and Leech 1996)

PassiveVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PassiveVoice

When the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action, it is said to be in the passive voice. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_voice 17.11.06) When the subject is the agent or actor of the verb, the verb is said to be in the active voice. When the subject is the patient, target or undergoer of the action, it is said to be in the passive voice. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#passiveVoice) Passive is often not clearly distinguished from Inverse: According to Givón (1988), Inverse is characterized by obligatory realization of the suppressed agent, whereas the realization of the agent in a passive construction is optional (or impossible). This restrictive definition of passive does, however, conflict with the use of the term "passive" for European languages. Then, English and German "Passive" would be Inverses. Therefore, Inverse is a subconcept of Passive here. Givón's original Passive is NonInversePassive.

Past

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Past

The past tense is a verb tense expressing action, activity, state or being in the past. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Past_tense 17.11.06) The past tense refers to a tense category which places an event in the past. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#pastTense)

PastInFuture

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PastInFuture

Locates the situation in question in the future, prior to a reference time in the future.

PastParticiple

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PastParticiple

PastParticipleAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PastParticipleAdjective

Adjective based on a past participle. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1596)

PastPerfectTense

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PastPerfectTense

Past perfect tense is an absolute-relative tense that refers to a time in the past relative to a reference point, which itself is in the past relative to the moment of utterance (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPastPerfectTense.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1348)denoting a tense of verbs used in relating past events where the action had already occurred at the time of the action of a main verb that is itself in a past tense. In English this is a compound tense formed with had plus the past participle (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=past+perfect; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1348)

PathRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PathRole

added in accordance with TIGER way (directional modifier)

PatientRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PatientRole

A patient instantiates the role of an entity which undergoes a change of state (Cruse 2000:284) http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#patientRole

Paucal

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Paucal

Number that specifies 'a few' things. (en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paucal_number; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1350)

PaucalQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PaucalQuantifier

Quantifiers that enforce paucal agreement. In many Slavic languages, numerals between 2 and 4 (and some quantifiers) involve a specific agreement patterns that is different from that of smaller and greater numbers. In Russian, for example, genitive singular is requires. These numerals and quantifiers with the same characteristics are referred to here as "paucal quantifiers". (cf. David Pesetsky, http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~jtrommer/Harvard/pesetsky.pdf)

PejorativeEvaluative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PejorativeEvaluative

An evaluative property of a noun that indicates the speaker regards the person or object being referred to with distaste, contempt, or displeasure [Valentine 2001: 190-193].

Perfect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Perfect

A verb tense that refers to completed action in the past. It corresponds to three English tenses. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1351)

PerfectiveAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PerfectiveAspect

The perfective aspects (inceptive, punctual and completive) view the situation as a bounded entity, and often put an emphasis on its beginning or end. (Bybee 1985:21) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#perfectiveAspect) The Perfective aspect is an aspect that expresses a temporal view of an event or state as a simple whole, apart from the consideration of the internal structure of the time in which it occurs. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsPerfectiveAspect.htm 17.11.06) A viewpoint aspect which encodes the speaker’s willingness to attend to the endpoints of the situation referred to. Perfective aspect is the canonical mode of presentation for events (Michaelis 1998: xv). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Perfective)

PeriodicAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PeriodicAdjective

It is an adjective, which expresses the time or period of the circumstances, while modifying a noun. ན་ ང་ ང་ ་ ལ་ ་ འ ་ ། Nahing Nga chigyel-lu joyi 'I went abroad last year' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)

PerlativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PerlativeCase

PerlativeCase expresses that something moved 'through','across', or 'along' the referent of the noun that is marked (Blake 1998: 38, 203). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Perlative)

PermissiveModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PermissiveModality

PermissiveModality indicates that an agent has permission to perform the action expressed by the predicate [Palmer 2001: 10, 71].

PersReflPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PersReflPronoun

In Eagles personal and reflexive pronouns are brought together as a single value Pers./Refl. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recp 19.09.06)

Personal

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Personal

Property that refers to the person. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1946)

PersonalPassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PersonalPassive

A Passive in which the argument mapped to Object in a basic structural configuration assumes the Subject relation in a corresponding nonbasic configuration. (Klaiman 1991:23) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PersonalPassive)

PersonalPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PersonalPronoun

A personal pronoun is a pronoun that expresses a distinction of person deixis. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPersonalPronoun.htm 19.09.06) Note that (despite the SIL definition), an olia:PersonalPronoun refers to irreflexive personal pronouns. Personal pronoun categories without reflexivity sensitivity should be mapped onto olia:PersReflPronoun. (CC)

PhasalAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PhasalAspect

A set of aspectual distinctions involving relations between a background situation (the reference situation) and a situation located relative to the reference situation (the denoted situation). In English, phasal distinctions are expressed by auxiliary-headed constructions, like the inceptive, progressive, and perfect constructions, whose head verbs express the aspectual class of the denoted situation. The aspectual class of the denoted situation differs from that of the reference situation (Michaelis 1998:xv). An event may have a beginning and an end, a middle portion (continuing or changing), and also an ensuing result or an altered state. These are considered to be the various “phases‽ of an event. A speaker may talk about an event from the point of view of any of these individual phases, and his language may have inflectional (or other type of) markers for representing these distinctions. Since such markers indicate distinctions in the temporal structure of an event, we may regard them as belonging to the category of aspect. It has been suggested (Dik 1989: 186) that these may be grouped under a subcategory (or “level") of aspect called “phasal aspect". (Bhat 1999:49) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Phasal)

Phrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Phrase

Phrase is the class of syntactic constructions that consist of one or more syntactic words, but lack the subject-predicate organization of a clause. Phrases get their grammatical characteristics according to what word occupies the head position; thus, all phrases have heads [Crystal 1980, 232-233; Pei and Gaynor 1954, 169; Pike and Pike 1982, 453]. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Phrase)

Phraseme

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Phraseme

Conventional lexical unit consisting of a particular phrase (CC)

PhysicalAbilitiveModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PhysicalAbilitiveModality

PhysicalAbilitiveModality indicates that an agent has the physical capacity to perform some action. [Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 192; Palmer 2001: 77]

PlaceNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PlaceNoun

noun expressing a location

PlainMiddle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PlainMiddle

Results of action occur to subject. (Siewierska 1988:257) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PlainMiddle)

PluperfectTense

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PluperfectTense

PastInPast tense locates the situation in question prior to a reference time in the past. Also known as PluperfectTense. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PastInPast)

Plural

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Plural

Plural is a grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world. In English, nouns, pronouns, and demonstratives inflect for plurality. In many other languages, for example German and the various Romance languages, articles and adjectives also inflect for plurality. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural 17.11.06)

PluralQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PluralQuantifier

A PluralQuantifier is a Quantifier (or Numeral) that specifies a large multitude of entities. The agreement pattern of a plural quantifier is different from that or an singular quantifier, but as opposed to DualQuantifier and PaucalQuantifier, PluralQuantifier includes quantifiers that denote arbitrarily large sets of entities. (Chiarcos) The corresponding category in Czech, Polish and Slovak MTE v4 specs is Numeral/Class="definite", that refers to numerals larger than four. (MTE v4)

Point

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Point

Sign (.) used to expresses the end of a sentence or an abbreviation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1445)

PointOfViewAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PointOfViewAspect

point of view aspect (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#viewPointAspect)

PoliteSecondPersonPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PoliteSecondPersonPronoun

In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g. Dutch u and Spanish usted. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1p 19.09.06)

PositionerRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PositionerRole

The entity controlling a Position (Dik, 1997:118) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#positionerRole)

Positive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Positive

Value used in a comparison relationship when no comparison is involved. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1420) The Positive is the form of an adjective or adverb on which comparative and superlative are formed. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive 17.11.06)

PossessedCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PossessedCase

PossessedCase is used to mark the noun whose referent is possessed by the referent of another noun. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Possessed)

PossessionMarker

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PossessionMarker

In Urdu, wālā can be added to substantives to derive nouns implying possession or general relationships, e.g., go-wāl, or go-wālā, s.m. cow-keeper, cow-herd (from go, 'cow'), or ghar-wālā, s.m. master or owner of the house (from ghar, 'house') (Plats 1884, cf. http://purl.org/olia/urdu.owl#Wala)

Possessive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Possessive

Relative to the possession or association. (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=possessive; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1355)

PossessiveAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PossessiveAdjective

Adjective/Type="possessive" are denominal, not pronominal expressions of possession (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/09). Therefore not to be confused with Pronoun/Type=adjectival(a) (Bulgarian only), for words like умно /cleverly, wisely, sensibly/, which are derived from adjectives. (Dimitrova et al. 2009) e.g., Slovene dušikovima/dušikov, Marsovi/Marsov, Slovak vojvodova/vojvodov, vojvodove/vojvodov, vojvodovej/vojvodov, vojvodovho/vojvodov, vojvodovi/vojvodov, vojvodovmu/vojvodov, vojvodovo/vojvodov, vojvodovom/vojvodov, vojvodovou/vojvodov, Serbian evroazijske/evroazijska, evroazijskih/evroazijski, Goldštajnov, govornikov, Jehovine/Jehovin, malabarskom/malabarski, O'Brajenov, O'Brajenovog/O'Brajenov, oficirov, Czech Riegrovými/Riegrův, Stradellovými/Stradellův, Tristanovou/Tristanův, Wagnerových/Wagnerův, Wagnerovým/Wagnerův, Weberovi/Weberův, Weberových/Weberův, Wertherovi/Wertherův, Winstonovi/Winstonův (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PossessiveAdjective)A PossessiveAdjective is an denominal adjective, often derived from a ProperNoun, that serves to indicate possession in most Slavic languages. Unlike a genitival construction, a possessive adjective shows agreement with its head noun. (Chiarcos)

PossessiveArticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PossessiveArticle

In Romanian, the possessive article (also called genitival article) is an element in the structure of the possessive pronoun, of the ordinal numeral (e.g. al meu (mine) and al treilea (the third)), and of the indefinite genitive forms of the nouns (e.g. capitol al cărţii (chapter of the book)), e.g., -al/al, a/al, ai/al, al, ale/al, alor/al (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PossessiveArticle)

PossessiveDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PossessiveDeterminer

A possessive determiner is a part of speech that modifies a noun by attributing ownership to someone or something. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possessive_adjective 19.09.06)

PossessiveParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PossessiveParticle

Particle expressing ownship. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1895)

PossessivePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PossessivePronoun

A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that expresses relationships like ownership, such as kinship, and other forms of association. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPossessivePronoun.htm 19.09.06)

PossessiveRelativePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PossessiveRelativePronoun

A relative pronoun whose antecedent is the possessor of the subject or object in the relative clause.

PossessorRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PossessorRole

Semantic role as used by the Stanford Dependency Parser

Possible

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Possible

Value that denotes a linguistic situation considered as being correct in the given language

PostHodiernalFuture

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PostHodiernalFuture

PostHodiernalFutureTense locates the situation in question after the span that is culturally defined as 'today' (Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994: 247). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PostHodiernalFuture)

PostNominalModifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PostNominalModifier

Postmodifying is a function of an adjective that can modify, describe, or qualify a preceding noun. (EAGLES) modificationType: Refers to the prenominal or postnominal positions of determiners which distinguish different forms. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1931)

Postposition

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Postposition

A postposition is an adposition that occurs after its complement. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPostposition.htm 19.09.06)

PragmaticInverseVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PragmaticInverseVoice

If the agent is more topical than the patient, the direct-active clause is used. If norm is reversed and the patient is more topical, the inverse clause is used. (Givon 1994:23) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PragmaticInverse)

PreHodiernalPast

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PreHodiernalPast

PreHodiernalPastTense locates the situation in question before that of a contrasting HodiernalPastTense. According to Bybee, Perkins, Pagliuca 1994: 98. this category must be defined relative to a HodiernalPastTense. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PreHodiernalPast)

PreNominalModifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PreNominalModifier

Premodifying is a function of an adjective that can modify a following noun. (EAGLES) modificationType: Refers to the prenominal or postnominal positions of determiners which distinguish different forms. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1931)

Predicate

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Predicate

The predicate is the relation between the Clause and a portion of a clause, excluding the subject, that expresses something about the subject (Crystal 1980: 280; Hartmann and Stork 1972: 182; Pei and Gaynor 1954: 173; Pike and Pike 1982: 40; Mish et al. 1990: 926; Crystal 1985: 241-242). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/predicate)

PredicativeAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PredicativeAdjective

A predicative adjective is one which functions as part of the predicate of a sentence. This means that it is linked to the noun by a verb, often a copula (such as to be). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjective 18.09.06)

PreferredEvaluative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PreferredEvaluative

An evaluative property of a noun that indicates the speaker regards the person or object being referred to with favor or admiration.

Prefix

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Prefix

Affix added before a word to change its meaning or part of speech. (Sue Ellen Wright + Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1365)

Preposition

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Preposition

A preposition is an adposition that occurs before its complement. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPreposition.htm 19.09.06)

PrepositionalAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PrepositionalAdverb

adverb which is very similar in its form to a preposition

PrepositionalCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PrepositionalCase

In many grammars, the term "prepositional case" is to refer to case marking that only occurs in combination with prepositions. Normally, this is an oblique case, e.g., the Russian 6th case, also referred to as "locative". (Ch. Chiarcos)

PrepositionalObject

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PrepositionalObject

Prepositional object

PrepositionalPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PrepositionalPhrase

A sequence of a preposition and its complement is a prepositional phrase. The complement of a preposition is usually a noun phrase (see examples 38 to 40), but may also be a clause or an adverb phrase. According to the categories recommended here, a prepositional phrase may be analysed further into preposition and noun phrase. The examples below demonstrate how this further analysis can be a recursive procedure. (38) [PP en [NP sustitucion [PP de [NP los canales correspondientes [PP de [NP 50 baudios NP] PP] NP] PP] NP] PP]. (39) [NP Fairbanks NP] [VP hummed [NP a few bars NP] VP] [PP in [NP a voice [VP made resonant [PP by [NP the very weakness [PP of [NP his chest NP] PP] NP] PP] VP] NP] PP]. (40) [PP En [NP el caso [PP de [NP un sistema mixto [PP en [NP el [CL que [VP se utilicen [NP canales [PP con [NP tres velocidades [PP de [NP modulacion NP] PP] diferentes NP] PP] NP] VP] CL] NP] PP] NP] PP] NP] PP] In a language such as Spanish, where a large proportion of the modification of nouns takes the form of a following preposition de and another noun, this recursion is extremely prevalent, as in 40. In cases where the prepositional phrase is complemented by a one word noun phrase, it may be advantageous to leave the analysis at this point, rather than continuing to analyse further by enclosing the complement (see also one-word constituents). (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node34.html#SECTION00052500000000000000)

Present

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Present

Present tense refers to the moment of utterance. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#presentTense) Present tense refers to the moment of utterance. It often refers to events or states that do not merely coincide with the moment of utterance, such as those that are continuous, habitual, or lawlike. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsPresentTense.htm 17.11.06)

PresentParticiple

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PresentParticiple

PresentParticipleAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PresentParticipleAdjective

Adjective based on a present participle. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1597)

PresentativePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PresentativePronoun

pronoun that identify the current locative or temporal situation

PresumptiveModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PresumptiveModality

The presumptive mood is used in Romanian to express presupposition or hypothesis regarding the fact denoted by the verb, as well as other more or less similar attitudes: doubt, curiosity, concern, condition, indifference, inevitability. For example, acolo s-o fi dus "he might have gone there" shows the basic presupposition use, while the following excerpt from a poem by Eminescu shows the use both in a conditional clause de-o fi "suppose it is" and in a main clause showing an attitude of submission to fate le-om duce "we would bear". De-o fi una, de-o fi alta... Ce e scris și pentru noi, Bucuroși le-om duce toate, de e pace, de-i război. Be it one, be it the other... Whatever fate we have, We will gladly go through all, be it peace or be it war (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrealis_mood#Presumptive)

PresumptiveMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PresumptiveMood

The presumptive mood is used in Romanian to express presupposition or hypothesis regarding the fact denoted by the verb, as well as other more or less similar attitudes: doubt, curiosity, concern, condition, indifference, inevitability. For example, acolo s-o fi dus "he might have gone there" shows the basic presupposition use, while the following excerpt from a poem by Eminescu shows the use both in a conditional clause de-o fi "suppose it is" and in a main clause showing an attitude of submission to fate le-om duce "we would bear". De-o fi una, de-o fi alta... Ce e scris și pentru noi, Bucuroși le-om duce toate, de e pace, de-i război. Be it one, be it the other... Whatever fate we have, We will gladly go through all, be it peace or be it war (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrealis_mood#Presumptive)

PreverbalParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PreverbalParticle

ProQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ProQuantifier

A ProQuantifier is a quantifier derived from a pronominal element. ProQuantifiers thus partly characterized as pronouns (e.g., as pronominal adverbs) or quantifiers (e.g., "indefinite numeral" as in MTE v.4). (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#ProQuantifier)

ProcessedRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ProcessedRole

The entity that undergoes a Process (Dik, 1997:118). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#processedRole)

ProgressiveAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ProgressiveAspect

ProgressiveAspect, also called the continuative or the durative, encodes a single event as an ongoing process. Thus, states cannot generally be encoded with the progressive (Comrie 1976: 32-35; Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 127-139; Payne 1997: 240). An exponent of phasal aspect which expresses a stative situation that holds during the time at which an event is occurring (e. g., He is fixing the fence) (Michaelis 1998:xv). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Progressive)

ProgressivePassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ProgressivePassive

A passive in Irish in which the preposition "at" is used, and a semantic meaning of progressive tense is found (Noonan 1994:280) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ProgressivePassive)

ProlativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ProlativeCase

Case for a noun or a pronoun that expresses motion within a place or a period of time needed for an event. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1368)

PromotionalInverseVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PromotionalInverseVoice

Involves promotion of the topical proximate-patient to subjecthood. (Givon 1994:24) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/PromotionalInverse)

PronominalAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PronominalAdverb

Pronominal adverbs substitute for a preposition (which is incorporated into them) and an NP, cf. English therefore lit. "for this (reason, ...)", German deswegen lit. "because of this (reason, ...)". (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/elm_de/node235.html 21.09.06, examples Ch. Chiarcos)

Pronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Pronoun

A pronoun is a pro-form which functions like a noun and substitutes for a noun or a noun-phrase. A language may have several classes of pronouns. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPronoun.htm 19.09.06) A pronominal is a phrase that functions as a pronoun (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAPronominal.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1369)

PronounOrDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PronounOrDeterminer

The parts of speech Pronoun, Determiner and Article heavily overlap in their formal and functional characteristics, and different analyses for different languages entail separating them out in different ways. In Eagles, Pronouns and Determiners are placed in one `super-category'. For some descriptions it may be thought best to treat them as totally different parts of speech. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recp 19.09.06)

ProperNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ProperNoun

Proper nouns (also called proper names) are the names of unique entities. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noun 19.09.06)

ProprietiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ProprietiveCase

Proprietive case marks a possessional relation, i.e. 'having' something. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#proprietiveCase-grammatical)

Proximal

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Proximal

The referent denoted by a distal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English that) is usually spatially more remote or discoursally less salient as compared to a referent denoted by a proximal demonstrative pronoun (e.g., English this) (Chiarcos)

PseudopassiveVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PseudopassiveVoice

voice in a specify passive construction (different from the regular passive) where the patient is the syntactic subject and agent is the syntactic object

Punctuation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Punctuation

Punctuation marks (PU) are treated here as a part of morphosyntactic annotation, as it is very common for punctuation marks to be tagged and to be treated as equivalent to words for the purposes of automatic tag assignment. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.html#mp 19.09.06)

PurposeRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PurposeRole

-PRP (purpose or reason) â ´ marks purpose or reason clauses and PPs. (Bies et al. 1995)

PurposiveAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PurposiveAspect

The purposive aspect appears to add the notion of intention or probability, both negative and positive. (Steckley, 2007, p. 14, about Huron) (John Steckley, 2007, Words of the Huron, Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press)

PurposiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource PurposiveCase

Purposive marks the goal of an activity, e.g., 'going out FOR (i.e. to catch) KANGAROOS'; 'call them FOR (i.e. to eat) FOOD'. The common purposive suffix -gu is a recurrent suffix on verbs ... The purposive case suffix is often used on a nominalised clause (and this may possibly be the origin of the verbal purposive). (Dixon 2002, p.134, on purposive case in [several] Australian languages) R.M.W. Dixon (2002), Australian Languages. CUP, Cambridge

Quadrial

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Quadrial

Property related to four elements. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2000)

Qualifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Qualifier

Also called MODIFIER : A word or phrase that qualifies the sense of another word; for example, the noun alarm is a modifier of clock in "alarm clock" and the phrase every day is an adverbial modifier of walks in "he walks every day" (www.wordreference.com/English/definition.asp?en=modifier; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1373)

QualifierAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource QualifierAdjective

Adjective used to qualify. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1477)

QuantificationalAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource QuantificationalAspect

A speaker may report an event as occurring once only (semelfactive) or several times (iterative); he may view it as a specific event or as part of a general habit of carrying out similar events; he may also differentiate between different degrees of frequency with which the event occurs. The markers that a given language provides for one or more of these meaning distinctions can be grouped under a subcategory called “quantificational aspect", as all of them refer to the quantitative aspect of the event concerned (Bhat 1999:53). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Quantificational)

Quantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Quantifier

A quantifier is a determiner that expresses a referent's definite or indefinite number or amount. A quantifier functions as a modifier of a noun, or pronoun. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuantifier.htm 19.09.06)

Question

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Question

There are two types of questions: direct questions (which are main clauses ending with a question mark) and indirect questions (which are subordinate clauses embedded under a verb). In this section, we discuss only direct questions; indirect questions are bracketed as SBARâ ¹s (see Section 5.17). (Santorini 1991)

QuestionMark

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource QuestionMark

Sign used to express a question. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1444)

QuestionPredicate

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource QuestionPredicate

SQ â ´ Inverted yes/no question, or main clause of a wh-question, following the wh-phrase in SBARQ. (Bies et al. 1995) SQ|That part of an SBARQ that excludes the wh-word or wh-phrase. See Section 5.32. (Santorini 1991) The SBARQ label marks wh-questions (i.e., those that contain a gap and therefore require a trace). A further level of structure, SQ, contains the inverted auxiliary (if there is one) and the rest of the sentence. The inverted auxiliary in wh-questions is not labeled. ... SQ (See also section 1.2.7.) â ¢ inside SBARQ: As described above, inside wh-questions, SQ holds the subject, inverted auxiliary (if any), main verb phrase, and some adjuncts. â ¢ yes/no questions: SQ is used for yes/no questions (i.e., those with inversion but no wh-movement). ... â ¢ subject-less yes/no questions: In questions where the auxiliary and subject do not appear, the auxiliary is unlabeled and a null subject (NP-SBJ *) is used. ... Note that questions with overt subjects and auxiliaries that show declarative word order are simply labeled S. â ¢ Tag questions: Tag questions are treated as an adjunction of SQ to S. The resulting structure is labeled SQ, since the whole thing is interrogative in nature. The lower SQ is annotated to show predicate deletion; that is, an appropriate null *?* is inserted. (Bies et al. 1995)

QuestionWord

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource QuestionWord

A proform that is used in questions to stand for the item questioned.

QuotativeModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource QuotativeModality

A quotative is grammatical device to mark reported speech in some languages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotative), e.g., in Estonian.<br/> ‘Reportedly, while he was going (in his boat), he turned over.’ Ta olevat oma paadiga ümber läinud He was_QUOTATIVE his_own boat_WITH over gone.<br/> (Estonian translation of an example given under http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuotativeEvidential.htm) (Heiki-Jaan.Kaalep, email 2010/06/22)

QuotativeMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource QuotativeMood

A quotative is grammatical device to mark reported speech in some languages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotative), e.g., in Estonian.<br/> ‘Reportedly, while he was going (in his boat), he turned over.’ Ta olevat oma paadiga ümber läinud He was_QUOTATIVE his_own boat_WITH over gone.<br/> (Estonian translation of an example given under http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuotativeEvidential.htm) (Heiki-Jaan.Kaalep, email 2010/06/22)

QuotativeVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource QuotativeVerb

A quotative is grammatical device to mark reported speech in some languages (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotative), e.g., in Estonian.<br/> ‘Reportedly, while he was going (in his boat), he turned over.’ Ta olevat oma paadiga ümber läinud He was_QUOTATIVE his_own boat_WITH over gone.<br/> (Estonian translation of an example given under http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAQuotativeEvidential.htm) (Heiki-Jaan Kaalep, email 2010/06/22)

Quote

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Quote

Punctuation usually used to surround a quotation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2081)

RarelyUsed

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RarelyUsed

Said of a term that is almost never used. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1986)

RecentPast

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RecentPast

RecentPastTense locates the situation in question prior to the present moment, but by culturally and situationally defined criteria, usually within the span ranging from yesterday to a week or a few months previous (Comrie 1985:87; Dahl 1985:121-122). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RecentPast)

RecipientRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RecipientRole

A recipient instantiates the role of an entity (usually animate) who recieves an entity in some way from the event. <p> Prototypically “recieve” here means “to take in one’s hand, or into one’s possession (something held out or offered by another); to take delivery of (a thing) from another” in some way. (OED) </p> (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#recipientRole)

ReciprocalMiddle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ReciprocalMiddle

Referents of plural subject do action to one another. (Siewierska 1988:257) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ReciprocalMiddle)

ReciprocalPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ReciprocalPronoun

A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun that expresses a mutual feeling or action among the referents of a plural subject. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAReciprocalPronoun.htm 19.09.06)

ReducedInflection

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ReducedInflection

Reduced adjective inflection of Slavic languages, e.g., Czech e.g., brillská/brillský, neznámo/neznámý, samo/sám, samy/sám (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NominalAdjective)

ReducedRelativeClause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ReducedRelativeClause

RRC (reduced relative clause) Reduced relative clauses are adjoined to the NP they modify. (Bies et al. 1995) We will use the term educed relative clause" to refer to participial or adjectival constituents of the type illustrated in (@26). (26) He bought two watches designed by Paloma Picasso. Reduced relative clauses should be bracketed as adjunction structures. The structure of ( 26) is thus as in (@27). Note that the reduced relative clause, which is headed by a participle, is bracketed as a VP. (27) (S (NP He) (VP bought (NP (NP two watches) (VP designed (PP by (PNP (PNP Paloma) (PNP Picasso)))))) .) (Santorini 1991)

Reduplication

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Reduplication

process to modify the sense of a word by some operations to repeat the sound of a word. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2346)

ReferentialVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ReferentialVoice

entails assignment of the absolutive to certain kinds of arguments other than the logical subjects (A) and objects (P), including the dative, benefactive, malefactive, and possessor. (Klaiman 1991:239) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ReferentialVoice)

Reflexive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Reflexive

A reflexive verb is a verb whose semantic agent and patient (typically represented syntactically by the subject and the direct object) are the same. In many languages, reflexive constructions are rendered by transitive verbs followed by a reflexive pronoun, as in English -self (e. g., She threw herself to the floor.). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verbs 20.11.06)

ReflexiveDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ReflexiveDeterminer

Determiner that refers to the same entity. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1377)

ReflexiveMiddle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ReflexiveMiddle

Reflexive middle makes use of grammatical devices that normally indicate reflexivity. (Ch. Chiarcos)

ReflexivePassive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ReflexivePassive

A Passive construction which contains reflexive markings. (Siewierska 1988:257) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ReflexivePassive)

ReflexivePossessiveDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ReflexivePossessiveDeterminer

Attributive possessive pronoun form of the reflexive pronoun, e.g., Russian свой: Обама на свой день рождения угощал гостей стейками и хот-догами. Obama on his day of.birth entertained guests with.steaks and hot.dogs "On his birthday, Obama entertained his guests with steaks and hot dogs." (http://ua.rian.ru/world_news/20110805/78815136.html) The antecedent of a possessive reflexive is not determined by its gender, but by its syntactic prominence.

ReflexivePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ReflexivePronoun

A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that has coreference with the subject. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAReflexivePronoun.htm 19.09.06)

ReflexiveVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ReflexiveVoice

The reflexive voice is a grammatical voice in which the subject is both the agent and the patient or recipient. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#reflexiveVoice)

RelationNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelationNoun

relation noun (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2226)

RelationalAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelationalAdjective

The Slovene adjective expresses three main ideas: quality (qualitative adjectives, kakovostni pridevniki), relation (relational adjectives, vrstni pridevniki) and possession (possessive adjectives, svojilni pridevniki). Relational adjectives express type, class or numerical sequence of a noun. For instance: kemijska in fizikalna sprememba (chemical and physical change), fotografski aparat (photographic device (=camera)). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_grammar)

RelativeAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativeAdjective

Relative adjectives express similarity or a comparison. (Schmidt 1999, p.218, http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#RelativeAdjective)

RelativeAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativeAdverb

The value relative is used for adverbs in clear relative cases as in: "The place 'where' I met you.", "The reason 'why' I did it." (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/pub/eagles/lexicons/elm_en.ps.gz, p.33, 07.05.07)

RelativeClause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativeClause

A relative clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun. For example, the noun phrase [the man who wasn't there] contains the noun [man], which is modified by the relative clause [who wasn't there] (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#relativeClause with reference to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_clause and Dik 1997) There are three di erent types of relative clauses in English (be careful not to confuse relative clauses and complement clauses): (i) wh-relative clauses (a guy who(m) I know), (ii) that-relative clauses (a guy that I know), and (iii) zero relative clauses (a guy I know). (Santorini 1991)

RelativeDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativeDeterminer

The relative determiner describes a attributive relative pronoun. In German "wessen" in "Ich weiss nicht, wessen Auto das ist." or the English "whose" in "The man whose daughter became ill.". The relative determiner needs a noun to complete a NP (Nominal Phrase). (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/pub/eagles/lexicons/elm_en.ps.gz, p.28, 07.05.07)

RelativeModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativeModality

Mood to express reported speech (or indirect speech) as opposed to direct speech.

RelativeMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativeMood

Mood to express reported speech (or indirect speech) as opposed to direct speech.

RelativeParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativeParticle

relative particle (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2229)

RelativePast

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativePast

RelativePastTense locates the situation in question before that of a contextually determined temporal reference point (Comrie 1985: 104). Also called PastPerfectTense. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RelativePast)

RelativePresent

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativePresent

RelativePresentTense locates the situation in question simultaneously with some contextually determined temporal reference point. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RelativePresent)

RelativePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativePronoun

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that marks a relative clause, functions grammatically within the relative clause, and is coreferential to the word modified by the relative clause. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsARelativePronoun.htm 19.09.06)

RelativeQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativeQuantifier

In the Czech MTE v4 specs, Numeral/Class="relative" are items meaning `how many/much', `as many/much' etc. Strictly speaking, they are pronumerals (pro-quantifiers), but traditional descriptions don't recognise such a category, so they are described variously as pronouns or as numerals (because their syntactic distribution is that of numerals, or very close)." (Ivan A Derzhanski, email 2010/06/11, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#RelativeQuantifier)

RelativeTense

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelativeTense

Relative tense is a tense that refers to a time in relation to a contextually determined temporal reference point, regardless of the latter’s temporal relation to the moment of utterance. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#relativeTense with reference to http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/whatisrelativetense.htm)

RelevanceAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RelevanceAspect

relevance aspect (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#relevanceAspect)

RemoteFuture

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RemoteFuture

RemoteFutureTense locates the situation in question at a time that is considered relatively distant. It is characteristically after the span of time culturally defined as 'tomorrow' (Dahl 1985:121; Comrie 1985:94). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RemoteFuture)

RemotePast

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RemotePast

RemotePastTense locates the situation in question prior to the present moment, usually more than a few days ago (Dahl 1985:121; Comrie 1985:88). Subsumes notion of PreHesternalPast tense, which locates the situation in question before that of an opposing hesternal past tense. (Bybee, Perkins, Pagliuca 1994: 98). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/RemotePast)

RepetitiveCoordinatingConjunction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RepetitiveCoordinatingConjunction

Conjunction/Coord_Type="repetit" (Romanian). In Romanian, there are three kinds of conjunctions depending on their usage: as such or together with other conjunctions or adverbs: (1) simple, between conjuncts: Ion ori Maria (John or Mary); (2) repetitive, before each conjunct: fie Ion fie Maria fie... (either John or Mary or...) (3) correlative, before a conjoined phrase, it requires specific coordinators between conjuncts: atât mama cât şi tata (both mother and father). (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#RepetitiveCoordinatingConjunction)

Residual

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Residual

The residual value (R) is assigned to classes of text words which lie outside the traditionally accepted range of grammatical classes, although they occur quite commonly in many texts and very commonly in some. For example: foreign words, or mathematical formulae. It can be argued that these are on the fringes of the grammar or lexicon of the language in which the text is written. Nevertheless, they need to be tagged. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.html#mr 19.09.06) Although words in the Residual category are on the periphery of the lexicon, they may take some of the grammatical characteristics, e.g., of nouns. Acronyms such as IBM are similar to proper nouns; symbols such as alphabetic characters can vary for singular and plural (e.g. How many Ps are there in `psychopath'?), and are in this respect like common nouns. In some languages (e.g. Portuguese) such symbols also have gender. It is quite reasonable that in some tagging schemes some of these classes of word will be classified under other parts of speech. (The Unclassified category applies to word-like text segments which do not easily fit into any of the foregoing values. For example: incomplete words and pause fillers such as er and erm in transcriptions of speech, or written representations of singing such as dum-de-dum. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recr 19.09.06)From a linguistic point of view, Residuals are a heterogeneous class and so, Residual may overlap with every linguistically motivate annotation concept. Also between subconcepts, overlap may occur (e.g. aTeX which is a symbol which can be read as an Acronym or acronyms which are related to Abbreviations, e.g. GNU "Gnu is not Unix")

RhetoricalModifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RhetoricalModifier

added in conformance with TIGER

RightParentheticalPunctuation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RightParentheticalPunctuation

End of a paired punctuation. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2079) RightParentheticalPunctuation is a punctuation mark which concludes a constituent whose the opening is marked by a LeftParentheticalPunctuation, e.g. ), ] and Spanish ?. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recv 19.09.06)

RomanNumeral

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource RomanNumeral

Numeral expressed with roman digits.

Root

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Root

base of a word (MIRACL & LSCA; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2231)

Script

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Script

Set of graphic characters used for the written form of one or more languages.

Second

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Second

Refers to the person(s) the speaker is addressing (Crystal 1997: 285). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Second)

SecondFamiliar

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SecondFamiliar

In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g. Dutch u and Spanish usted. The feature SecondFamiliar applies to the corresponding unmarked forms for informal conversiation in such languages. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1p 19.09.06)

SecondHonorific

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SecondHonorific

SecondNonHonorific

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SecondNonHonorific

SecondPersonPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SecondPersonPronoun

Second person deixis means deictic reference to a person or persons identified as addressee. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsSecondPersonDeixis.htm 19.09.06)

SecondPolite

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SecondPolite

In several European languages exist special forms of pronouns for polite or respectful reference, e.g. Dutch u and Spanish usted. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1p 19.09.06)

SecondaryPunctuation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SecondaryPunctuation

Punctuation that is not very important with regards to sentence splitting in a text. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2076)

SemanticInverseVoice

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SemanticInverseVoice

If the agent outranks the patient on the relevant generic topic hierarchy, the direct-active clause is used. If the relevant norm is reversed and the patient outranks the agent on the relevant hierarchy, the inverse clause is used. (Givon 1994:23) (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/SemanticInverse)

SemelfactiveAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SemelfactiveAspect

Momentaneous, without an inherent end-point, as sneeze (Michaelis 1998:xvi). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Semelfactive)

SemiColon

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SemiColon

Sign (;) usually used to separate phrases. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1446)

Sentence

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Sentence

The maximal, syntactically independent, segments into which a text is subdivided, for parsing purposes, are normally considered to be sentences. In a written text, they are typically (though by no means invariably) delimited by an initial capital letter and a final full stop (`.') or other terminal punctuation. It is convenient to accept this primary orthographic definition of `sentence' for the purposes of syntactic annotation. However, a sentence, so defined, may be either a full sentence (9) or a `grammatically incomplete' one (10). (9) [S This is a sentence. S] (10) [S Well done. S] The same applies to sentences included within other sentences, as in (11) (11) [S [S ``Well done'', S] she said. S] } ``Well done'' in 11 is labelled as a sentence, since it clearly has an independent syntactic status equivalent to those of 9, even though it is included in another sentence. This inclusion of one independent sentence within another is found both with reported speech and elsewhere. Phenomena such as those illustrated in 10 are by no means exceptional in text corpora. In transcriptions of spoken discourse, there is no simple answer to the question ``What is a sentence?''. Some transcriptions, based on standard orthography, yield de facto sentences in the form of units beginning with a capital letter and closing with a terminal punctuation mark. For these, there is no problem in recognising the primary sentential segments and delimiting them by [S ... S], even though these segments frequently lack the canonical structure of a complete written sentence. Moreover, even in other transcriptions, where the standard orthographic practices of sentence delimitation are avoided, it is possible to identify `primary segments' analogous to the written sentence, viz. the primary units into which the transcribed discourse is divided for parsing purposes. For spoken as well as written language, then, the [S] unit may be retained, although it may be interpreted differently, and some other term, such as `primary segment', may be preferred to `sentence'. We conclude by recommending, for the syntactic annotation of any text (including a transcription of spoken language), an exhaustive division of the text into units labelled [S ... S]. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node30.html#SECTION00052100000000000000)

SentenceFinalPunctuation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SentenceFinalPunctuation

SentenceFinalPunctuation are . ? !. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recv 19.09.06)

SentenceMedialPunctuation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SentenceMedialPunctuation

SentenceMedialPunctuation are , ; : - . (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recv 19.09.06)

Separable

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Separable

A separable verb is a verb that is composed of a verb stem and a separable affix. In some verb forms, the verb appears in one word, whilst in others the verb stem and the affix are separated. German and Dutch are notable for having many separable verbs. For example, the Dutch verb "aankomen" is a separable verb. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separable_verb 20.11.06)

SeparablePrefix

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SeparablePrefix

separable verb prefix, e.g., "Auch die Vertreter der AfB [stimmten] den 86 Millionen [zu]."

Sequel

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Sequel

Adopted from ILPOSTS for Indian languages. No definition or examples provided: Distance=Sequel (http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#Sequel)

ShortDefiniteArticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ShortDefiniteArticle

For definiteness, when a specific form is not the syntactic subject of the clause. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1927)

Simple

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Simple

Simple applies to the regular type of coordinator occurring between conjuncts: German und, for example. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)

SimpleAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SimpleAspect

non-progressive, non-purposive aspect (for Indian languages defined by http://purl.org/olia/ilposts.owl#SimpleAspect)

SimpleCoordinatingConjunction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SimpleCoordinatingConjunction

In the Romanian MTE v4 specs, Conjunction/Coord_Type="simple" is defined in contrast to repetitive and correlative coordinating conjunctions. In Romanian, there are three kinds of conjunctions depending on their usage: as such or together with other conjunctions or adverbs: (1) simple, between conjuncts: Ion ori Maria (John or Mary); (2) repetitive, before each conjunct: fie Ion fie Maria fie... (either John or Mary or...) (3) correlative, before a conjoined phrase, it requires specific coordinators between conjuncts: atât mama cât şi tata (both mother and father). (MTE v4), e.g., aşa_că, va_să_zică (ro) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#SimpleCoordinatingConjunction)Simple applies to the regular type of coordinator occurring between conjuncts: German und, for example. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node18.html#oav1av 17.11.06)

SimpleFuture

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SimpleFuture

FutureTense locates the situation in question after the present moment, with no specification on the distance in time. (adapted from the definition of http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Past)

SimplePast

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SimplePast

PastTense locates the situation in question prior to the present moment, with no specification on the distance in time (Comrie 1985). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Past)

SimplePreposition

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SimplePreposition

Preposition that is a pure simple word in contrast with the notion of fused preposition. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1900)

Singular

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Singular

Singular is a grammatical number denoting a unit quantity (as opposed to the plural and other forms). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular 17.11.06)

SingularQuantifier

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SingularQuantifier

A singular quantifier is a quantifier or a numeral that specifies a single referent from a set. (Chiarcos) In Czech and Slovak MTE v4 specs, the corresponding category Numeral/Class="definite1" is applied to the numeral "one". (MTE v4)

SlangRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SlangRegister

An extremely informal register of a word, term, or text that is used in spoken and everyday language and less commonly in documents. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1995)

Slash

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Slash

The punctuation sign / (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1437)

SociativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SociativeCase

Case related to the person in whose company the action is carried out, or to any belongings of people which take part in the action. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1388)

SourceRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SourceRole

A source role instantiates the origin of an event or entity. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#sourceRole)

Space

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Space

Empty area between words, lines or columns (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2189)

SpatiotemporalNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SpatiotemporalNoun

Noun denoting spatial and temporal expressions "A tag NST has been included to cover an important phenomenon of Indian languages. Certain expressions such as 'Upara' (above/up), 'nIce' (below) 'pahale' (before), 'Age' (front) etc are content words denoting time and space. These expressions, however, are used in various ways. For example, 5.1.2.1 These words often occur as temporal or spatial arguments of a verb in a given sentence taking the appropriate vibhakti (case marker): h3. vaha Upara so rahA thA . 'he' 'upstairs' 'sleep' 'PROG' 'was' “He was sleepign upstairs”. h4. vaha pahale se kamare meM bEThA thA . 'he' 'beforehand' 'from' ' room' 'in' 'sitting' 'was' “He was sitting in the room from beforehand” h5. tuma bAhara bETho 'you' 'outside' 'sit' “You sit outside”. Apart from functioning like an argument of a verb, these elements also modify another noun taking postposition 'kA'. h6. usakA baDZA bhAI Upara ke hisse meM rahatA hE 'his' 'elder' 'brother' 'upstairs' 'of' 'portion' 'in' 'live' 'PRES' “His elder brother lives in the upper portion of the house”. 5.1.2.2 Apart from occuring as a nominal expression, they also occur as a part of a postposition along with 'ke'. For example, h7. ghaDZe ke Upara thAlI rakhI hE. 'pot' 'of' 'above' 'plate' 'kept' 'is' The plate is kept on the pot”. h8. tuma ghara ke bAhara bETho 'you' 'home' 'of' 'outside' 'sit' “You sit outside the house”. 'Upara' and 'bAhara' are parts of complex postpositions 'ke Upara' and 'ke bAhara' in (h6) and (h7) respectively which can be translated into English prepositions 'on' and 'outside'. For tagging such words, one possible option is to tag them according to their syntactic function in the given context. For example in 5.2.2 (h7) above, the word 'Upara' is occurring as part of a postposition or a relation marker. It can, therefore, be marked as a postposition. Similarly, in 5.2.1. (h3) and (h6) above, it is a noun, therefore, mark it as a noun and so on. Alternatively, since these words are more like nouns, as is evident from 5.2.1 above they can be tagged as nouns in all there occurrences. The same would apply to 'bAhAra' (outside) in examples examples (h4), (h5) and (h8). However, if we follow any of the above approaches we miss out on the fact that this class of words is slightly different from other nouns. These are nouns which indicate 'location' or 'time'. At the same time, they also function as postpositions in certain contexts. Moreover, such words, if tagged according to their syntactic function, will hamper machine learning. Considering their special status, it was considered whether to introduce a new tag, NST, for such expressions. The following five possibilities were discussed : a) Tag both (h5) & (h8) as NN b) Tag both (h5) & (h8) as NST c) Tag (h5) as NN & (h8) as NST d) Tag (h5) as NST & (h8) as PSP e) Tag (h5) as NN & (h8) as PSP After considering all the above, the decision was taken in favour of (b). The decision was primarily based on the following observations: (i) 'bAhara' in both (h5) and (h8) denotes the same expression (place expression 'outside') (ii) In both (h5) and (h8), 'bAhara' can take a vibhakti like a noun ( bAhara ko bETho, ghara ke bAhara ko bETho) (iii) If a single tag is kept for both the usages, the decision making for annotators would also be easier. Therefore, a new tag NST is introduced for such expressions. The tag NST will be used for a finite set of such words in any language. For example, Hindi has Age (front), pIche (behind), Upara (above/upstairs), nIce (below/down), bAda (after), pahale (before), andara (inside), bAhara (outside) etc." (Akshar Bharati, Dipti Misra Sharma, Lakshmi Bai, Rajeev Sangal (2006), AnnCorra : Annotating Corpora. Guidelines For POS And Chunk Annotation For Indian Languages, Tech. Rep., L anguage Technologies Research Centre IIIT, Hyderabad, version of 15-12-2006, http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/tr031/posguidelines.pdf)NLOC Noun Location This is an entirely new tag introduced to cover an important phenomenon of Indian Languages. Words like 'Age', 'upara', 'pahele', 'bAda', etc. are used in various ways in Hindi. 1. They act as a postposition along with 'ke' e.g. ghade ke upara thAlI rakhI HE. ("pot" "on" "plate" "kept" "is") Here 'ke upara' is a post position which is the direct equivalent of the English preposition 'on'. 2. They also act as adverbs. e.g. tuma upara jAo. ("You" "up" "go") Here 'upara' is an adverbial of place. 3. These words also take post positions themselves and so in some sense behave like nouns. e.g. vaHa upara se AyA. ("He" "above" "from" "came") 4. As pointed out in 3. above, these words take postpositions and act as arguments of the verb in the sentence. And they also take a post position to join with a another noun. So in that sense also they behave like nouns. e.g. upara kA HissA ("above" "of" "portion") To tag such words one option is to tag them according to the category to which they belong in the given sentence. For example in 1. above, the word is occurring as a postposition so can be marked as a postposition. In example 2. above, it is an adverb so can be marked as an adverb and so on. But we feel that these words are more like nouns as is evident from 3. and 4. above, and also if we consider for examples, 'aage', 'upara', etc. as places which are in front, up, etc then we can tag them as nouns. But these are not pure nouns. They are nouns which indicate a location or time. These also function as adverbs or prepositions in a context. So a new tag NLOC is introduced for such words. This tag will cater to a finite set of such words. set: (Age, piche, upara, nIce, bAda, pahele) ("front", "behind", "above", "below", "before") Such words if tagged according to their syntactic function, it will hamper machine learning. So a single tag, NLOC has been devised for such words which indicate location and time. e.g., (upara, Age, pahele, bAda) (IIIT (2007), A Part of Speech Tagger for Indian Languages (POS tagger), Tagset developed at IIIT - Hyderabad after consultations with several institutions through two workshops. available under http://shiva.iiit.ac.in/SPSAL2007/iiit_tagset_guidelines.pdf)

Specific

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Specific

"By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer. In the specific reading there is a particular deer, say Bambi, that I am looking for. In the non-specific reading I will be happy to find any deer. Von Heusinger (2002) likes the test in English of inserting ʻcertainʼ after the ʻaʼ to fix the specific reading. In either reading of (3) a deer is being introduced as a new discourse referent. This is opposed to ʻdefiniteʼ which requires a previous pragmatic instantiation as in ʻIʼm looking for the deer.ʼ In English both the readings of (3) are indefinite. In Klallam, the specific demonstratives are neither definite nor indefinite." (Montler, Timothy. 2007. Klallam demonstratives. Papers ICSNL XLVII. The 42nd International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Language, pp. 409-425. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20; on specific vs. nonspecific determiners in Klallam, a Salish language, http://montler.net/papers/KlallamDemons.pdf)

SpecificArticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SpecificArticle

"By ʻspecificʼ and ʻnon-specificʼ I intend the difference between the two readings of English indefinites like (3): (3) Iʼm looking for a deer. In the specific reading there is a particular deer, say Bambi, that I am looking for. In the non-specific reading I will be happy to find any deer. Von Heusinger (2002) likes the test in English of inserting ʻcertainʼ after the ʻaʼ to fix the specific reading. In either reading of (3) a deer is being introduced as a new discourse referent. This is opposed to ʻdefiniteʼ which requires a previous pragmatic instantiation as in ʻIʼm looking for the deer.ʼ In English both the readings of (3) are indefinite. In Klallam, the specific demonstratives are neither definite nor indefinite." (Montler, Timothy. 2007. Klallam demonstratives. Papers ICSNL XLVII. The 42nd International Conference on Salish and Neighbouring Language, pp. 409-425. University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 20; on specific vs. nonspecific determiners in Klallam, a Salish language, http://montler.net/papers/KlallamDemons.pdf)

StatusConstructus

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource StatusConstructus

morphological form of the nominal head of noun+noun-phrases which in spite of a missing determiner (article) is invariably understood as semantically determined. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2997) The construct state or status constructus is a noun form occurring in Afro-Asiatic languages. It is particularly common in Semitic languages (such as Arabic, Hebrew, and Syriac), in the Berber languages, and in the extinct Egyptian language. ... In Semitic languages, nouns are placed in the construct state when they are semantically definite and modified by another noun in a genitive construction. Note that this differs from the genitive case of European languages in that it is the head (modified) noun rather than the dependent (modifying) noun which is marked. However, in Semitic languages with grammatical case (e.g. Classical Arabic), the modifying noun in a genitive construction is placed in the genitive case, in addition to marking the head noun with the construct state. ... The construct state is one of the three grammatical states of nouns in Arabic, the other two being the indefinite state and the definite state. ... (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construct_state)

Stem

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Stem

Root of a word, together with any derivational affixes, to which inflectional affixes are added. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAStem.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1389)

StillPresent

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource StillPresent

StillPresentTense is similar to PresentTense but carries the presupposition that an event or state held before the moment of utterance. In positive declarative clauses, still present tense asserts that the event or state holds at the moment of utterance (Comrie 1985: 54; named changed from 'StillTense'). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/StillPresent)

StrictAuxiliaryVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource StrictAuxiliaryVerb

Non-modal, non-copular auxiliary verb.

String

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource String

Character string to be interpreted in context

Strong

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Strong

Strong pronouns are different from the weak pronouns (cf. StrengthFeature:Weak)

StrongInflection

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource StrongInflection

In German (and other Germanic languages), when gender, number and case are not expressed by a determiner, the adjective takes the endings of the strong inflection. (http://www.canoo.net/services/OnlineGrammar/Wort/Adjektiv/Deklinationstyp/Stark.html 20.11.06) Strong inflection is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens.

StrongPersonalPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource StrongPersonalPronoun

Personal pronoun that can occupy the position after a preposition and/or reinforce a weak personal pronoun. (Eagles; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1390)

StructuralExpletive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource StructuralExpletive

Three different expletive usages [of the German expletive pronoun es] are traditionally distinguished: formal subject or object (expletive argument), correlate of an extraposed clausal argument (expletive correlate), and Vorfeld-es (structural expletive) (cf. (Eisenberg 1999 2001), (Pütz 1986)). (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.60) In German, a purely structural dummy element ... occurs in Vorfeld position only and is not correlated with any argument of the clause. It does not agree with the verb which becomes evident if there is a plural subject in the Mittelfeld: "es zahlen ihn die Völker, deren Menschenrechte angeblich verteidigt werden." It is ungrammatical in the Mittelfeld, e.g. *". . . dass es ihn die Völker zahlen".

SubablativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubablativeCase

SubablativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from under which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from under'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subablative)

SuballativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SuballativeCase

SuballativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is under the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the region that is under'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Suballative)

SubessiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubessiveCase

SubessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location under which another referent exists. It has the meaning of 'under' or 'beneath'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subessive)

SubjunctiveModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubjunctiveModality

The subjunctive is the mood that is minimally marked as opposed to the indicative and that marks a clause as not directly representing an assertion of the speaker. (http://www.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/proxy.php?port=8080&file=lido/servlet/Lido_Servlet Subjunktiv 18.06.07)

SubjunctiveMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubjunctiveMood

The subjunctive is the mood that is minimally marked as opposed to the indicative and that marks a clause as not directly representing an assertion of the speaker. (http://www.uni-erfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/proxy.php?port=8080&file=lido/servlet/Lido_Servlet Subjunktiv 18.06.07)

SubjunctiveParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubjunctiveParticle

In the Romanian MULTEXT-East scheme, a verbal particle with Particle/Type="future" modifies the verbs and marks the verb as being subjunctive, e.g., s-/să, să (Dan Tufis, email 2010/06/09, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#SubjunctiveParticle)

SubjunctiveVerb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubjunctiveVerb

A subjunctive verb is typically used to expresses wishes, commands (in subordinate clauses), emotion, possibility, judgment, necessity, and statements that are contrary to fact at present. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjunctive_mood 19.09.06)

SublativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SublativeCase

SublativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location under which another referent is moving toward. It has the meaning 'towards the underneath of'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Sublative)

SubordinateClause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubordinateClause

SubordinateClause is the class of clauses that cannot stand on their own as sentences. A matrix clause combined with a subordinate clause form a main clause. In the sentence 'John thinks that Mary is sick', 'Mary is sick' is the subordinate clause. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/SubordinateClause) Dependent clauses (which are also sometimes referred to as subordinate clauses) cannot stand alone as sentences. They usually begin with subordinating conjunctions. A sentence with an independent clause and any number of dependent clauses is referred to as a complex sentence. One with two or more independent clauses and any number of dependent clauses is referred to as a compound-complex sentence (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clause, cf. http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#subordinateClause). A subordinate clause is an embedded construction which contains a finite verb form. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#finiteEmbeddedConstruction)

SubordinatingConjunction

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubordinatingConjunction

Subordinating conjunctions, also called subordinators, are conjunctions that introduce a dependent clause. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction 19.09.06)

SubordinatingConjunctionWithComparative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubordinatingConjunctionWithComparative

For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "als" is followed by various kinds of comparative clause (including clauses without finite verbs). (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)

SubordinatingConjunctionWithFiniteClause

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubordinatingConjunctionWithFiniteClause

For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "weil" introduces a clause with a finite verb. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)

SubordinatingConjunctionWithInfinite

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubordinatingConjunctionWithInfinite

For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "ohne" ("zu"...) is followed by an infinitive. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)

SubordinatingConjunctionWithNegation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubordinatingConjunctionWithNegation

Conjunction/Sub_Type="negative" (Romanian, Serbian, Russian) In Romanian, each conjunction requires another mood, so that the diversity may be controlled by subcategorisation rules. The attribute Sub_Type distinguishes among the positive and negative conjunctions, providing means to control verbal double negation, (as in case of the negative pronouns, determiners and adverbs): nici NU am venit, nimeni NU vorbeşte, nici_un tren N-a trecut, nicăieri N-am văzut (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#NegativeSubordinatingConjunction)

SubordinatingConjunctionWithoutNegation

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubordinatingConjunctionWithoutNegation

Conjunction/Sub_Type="negative" (Romanian, Serbian, Russian) In Romanian, each conjunction requires another mood, so that the diversity may be controlled by subcategorisation rules. The attribute Sub_Type distinguishes among the positive and negative conjunctions, providing means to control verbal double negation, (as in case of the negative pronouns, determiners and adverbs): nici NU am venit, nimeni NU vorbeşte, nici_un tren N-a trecut, nicăieri N-am văzut (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#PositiveSubordinatingConjunction)

SubordinatorField

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubordinatorField

In the German clause, the PARORD-field is the field for non-coordinating particles which optionally occur as the left-most element of a verb-second clause (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.17)

SubstantiveAdjective

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubstantiveAdjective

An adjective that modifies an implied, but not expressed, noun. When translating such an adjective into English, you must supply the missing noun. (www.southwestern.edu/~carlg/Latin_Web/glossary.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1394) (Chiarcos: this seems to pertain to nominalization)

SubstitutivePronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubstitutivePronoun

non-attributive pronoun

SubterminativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubterminativeCase

SubterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the region under the referent of the noun it marks, but not through that region. It has the meaning 'into the region under'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subterminative)

SubtranslativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SubtranslativeCase

SubtranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory underneath the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'along the region underneath'. Unfortunate name clash with 'Superlative' as a feature of adjectives. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Subtranslative)

Suffix

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Suffix

Affix added at the end of the word to change its meaning or part of speech. (Sue Ellen Wright + Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1395)

SuperablativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SuperablativeCase

Superablative expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location from over which another referent is moving. It has the meaning 'from over'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superablative)

SuperallativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SuperallativeCase

SuperallativeCase expresses that something is moving toward the region that is above the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'towards the region that is over'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superallative)

SuperessiveCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SuperessiveCase

SuperessiveCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location on which another referent exists. It has the meaning of 'on' or 'upon'. (Pei and Gaynor 1954: 207, Gove, et al. 1966: 2293). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superessive)

Superlative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Superlative

The superlative of an adjective or adverb is a form of adjective or adverb which indicates that something has some feature to a greater degree than anything it is being compared to in a given context. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superlative 17.11.06)

SuperlativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SuperlativeCase

SuperlativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun it marks is the location onto which another referent is moving. It has the meaning of 'onto'. Unfortunate name clash with 'Superlative' as a property of adjectives. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superlative)

SuperlativeParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SuperlativeParticle

Particle expressing superlative degree. Superlative is the comparison between more than two entities and contrasts with comparative where only two entities are involved and positive where no comparison is implied. (Crystal 2003; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1923)

SuperterminativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SuperterminativeCase

SuperterminativeCase expresses the notion of something moving into the region over the referent of the noun it marks, but not through that region. It has the meaning 'into the region over'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Superterminative)

SupertranslativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SupertranslativeCase

SupertranslativeCase expresses the notion of something moving along a trajectory above the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'along the region over'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Supertranslative)

Supine

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Supine

Supine is a nonfinite form of motion verbs with functions similar to that of an infinitive (Angelika Adams)

SuspensionPoints

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SuspensionPoints

Sequence of three dots having the same meaning as "et cetera" (full form) or "etc" (abbreviated form). (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1447)

Symbol

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Symbol

In morphosyntactic annotation schemes, a symbol is a single graphical sign that occurs in a written text with a conventionalized meaning but that does not represent a phoneme (like ordinary characters), an orthogaphic sign (punctuation), or a number. (Christian Chiarcos) Symbols such as alphabetic characters can vary for singular and plural (e.g. How many Ps are there in `psychopath'?), and are in this respect like common nouns. In some languages (e.g. Portuguese) such symbols also have gender. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node17.html#recr)

SyntacticAdjunct

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SyntacticAdjunct

Prototypically, an optional (morpho)syntactic constituent. 'Satellites are not ... required by the predicate; they give optional further information pertaining to additional features of the SoA ..., the location of the SoA ..., the speaker's attitude towards or evaluation of the propositional content ..., or the character of the speech act...' (Dik, 1997:87) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticAdjunct) The category adjunct (ADJ) is assigned to those constituents that appear as optional additions, be it to the main verb or to a given noun. This means that they can be left out freely without a change in grammaticality or a significant change in meaning. In "John called Mary (from school) (with his cell phone)" the optional additions "from school" and "with his cell phone" are such optional additions that can be left out freely. Adjuncts are generally used to convey additional information about the time, place, manner, or cause of the event or situation described by the clause (see below). That is, they restrict the class of events/ situations described by the clause to a subset. If required the category ADJ can be split up into semantic sub-categories, that are annotated in layer semantic roles (time, location, etc.). (Dipper et al. 2007, §4.3.3)

SyntacticArgument

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SyntacticArgument

An inherent (morpho)syntactic constituent subcategorized for by a predicate.<br/> 'Arguments are those terms which are required by some predicate in order to form a complete nuclear predication. They are essential to the integrity of the SoA designated by the predicate frame. If we leave them out, the property/relation designated by the predicate is not fulfilled or satisfied.' (Dik, 1997:86f)<br/> An argument can be a controller in an agreement relation. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticArgument)<br/> The category ARG is assigned to those syntactic constituents that appear as obligatory complements to the main verb. This means that they cannot be left out without a change in grammaticality or a significant change in meaning. (Dipper et al. 2007, §4.3.3)

SyntacticComplement

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SyntacticComplement

The complement is attached inside the VP, NP, ADJP, or PP. Verbs: The term “complement” as it is used here refers to: 1. internal arguments such as NP objects, S and SBAR with no adverbial dash tags (including some if-clauses, as in I wonder if the Cubs are winning), and quoted constituents (including SINV and FRAG) 2. the passive logical-subject by-phrase 3. VP 4. constituents tagged -BNF, -CLR, -DTV, -PRD, and -PUT (S (NP-SBJ-1 the guide) (VP was (VP given (NP *-1) (PP-DTV to (NP Arthur)) (PP by (NP-LGS Ford))))) Nouns: Since it is difficult to consistently annotate an argument/adjunct distinction, all PP modifiers of nouns are Chomsky-adjoined to the NP: (NP (NP a teacher) (PP of (NP chemistry))) Adjectives: Except in comparatives, any modifier following an adjective is bracketed as a complement. (ADJP eager/likely/ready (S to believe anything)) Prepositions: The NP or S complement of a preposition is placed inside the PP. (Bies et al. 1995)A complement is a phrase that fits a particular slot in the syntax requirements of a parent phrase (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_%28linguistics%29). An additional (morpho)syntactic constituent that may be subcategorized for by the predicate. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticComplement)

SyntacticObject

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SyntacticObject

In linguistics, the object of a transitive verb is one of its core arguments, which generally represents the target of the verb's action or the undergoer of its effects. In more general terms, an object is a patient. Verbs with no object (as in the sentence "I run") are called intransitive verbs. Those which do take objects are called transitive verbs. Transitive verbs which take only one object are known as monotransitive. Ditransitive verbs have two objects, a patient and a recipient. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_%28grammar%29). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticObject) An object, traditionally defined, is either a direct object or an indirect object. An object, in some usages, is any grammatical relation other than subject (Crystal 1985: 211; Hartmann and Stork 1972: 155-156; Mish et al. 1990: 814, Comrie 1989: 66). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/object)

SyntacticSubject

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource SyntacticSubject

The subject of a sentence is one of the two main parts of a sentence, the other being the predicate. Providing an adequate definition of the notion of a subject is notoriously difficult, and depends on a range of grammatical properties that may vary from language to language. For this reason, many current grammatical theories avoid using the term, except for purely descriptive purposes, or define it in terms of occupying a particular position in the clause. The term subject refers to the grammatical function an expression may have in relation to other expressions in a sentence, and it should be distinguished from parts of speech, which classify expressions independently of their relations to other constituents of a sentence. The subject of a verb is the argument which generally refers to the origin of the action or the undergoer of the state shown by the verb. However, this definition depends on the particular language under consideration. In languages where a passive voice exists, the subject of a passive verb may be the target or result of the action. This is a semantic definition. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_(grammar)). (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#syntacticSubject)

TabooRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TabooRegister

Register that expresses a situation that people avoid because it is extremely offensive or embarrassing. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1996)

TargetRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TargetRole

The target role instantiates the destination of an event or entity.

TechnicalRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TechnicalRegister

The register appropriate to scientific texts or special languages. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1997)

TemporalisCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TemporalisCase

The so-called Temporalis Case is formed in Hungarian with -kor. Expresses a point of time or a period. (http://member.melbpc.org.au/~tmajlath/form-suffix.html)

TemporallyDefinedUsage

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TemporallyDefinedUsage

Indication specifying whether the usage is old or modern.

TenseMarkingAuxiliary

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TenseMarkingAuxiliary

An auxiliary that marks exclusively tense, e.g., in Urdu: Auxiliaries: Based on the syntactic nature of Urdu, auxiliaries are divided into two categories. Aspectual auxiliaries always occur after main verb of the sentence. Tense auxiliaries are used to show the time of the action. They occurred at the end of the verb phrase. (Sajjad 2007). In Urdu, the auxiliary gā indicates future tense when it follows a verb in the subjunctive form. (http://purl.org/olia/emille.owl#GaAuxiliary)

TenseMarkingParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TenseMarkingParticle

Dzongkha has also a tense marker, which is not complicated like in other languages. It has got only six tense markers and can be used in a very simple and effective way. They are: ('Ni'+'Wong') for future, ('D'o'+'D'ä') for present and ('Ci'+'Yi') for past tense. ང་ ནངས་པ་ འ ་ ། Nga naba jo-ni[past tense] I tomorrow go-will-[past] 'I am going tomorrow' (http://panl10n.net/english/Outputs%20Phase%202/CCs/Bhutan/Papers/2007/0701/PartOfSpeech.pdf)

TerminativeAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TerminativeAspect

Denotes the termination of an event (Bhat 1999: 92). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Terminative)

TerminativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TerminativeCase

Case that indicates to what or where something ends. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1401) TerminativeCase expresses the notion of something into but not further than (ie, not through) the referent of the noun it marks. It has the meaning 'into but not through'. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/TerminativeCase)

Text

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Text

Series of sentences expressed in a natural language. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1847)

ThemeRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ThemeRole

Theme is a general term covering the notions of patient that means an entity affected by the action, of result that means an entity effected by the action, i.e. which emerges out of the action, or of theme that means an entity effected by the action, i.e. which emerges out of the action. (Dipper et al. 2007: §5.3.3)

Third

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Third

Third person is deictic reference to a referent(s) not identified as the speaker or addressee. For example in English "he", "she", "they" or the third person singular verb suffix -s, e.g. in "He sometimes flies." (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsThirdPersonDeixis.htm 20.11.06)

ThirdObviative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ThirdObviative

Obviative refers to one or more non-participants that are in some way further removed from the speaker than other non-particpants. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ThirdObviative)

ThirdPersonPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ThirdPersonPronoun

Third person reference is a deictic reference to a referent(s) not identified as the speaker or addressee. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsThirdPersonDeixis.htm 19.09.06)

ThirdProximative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ThirdProximative

Proximative refers to one or more non-participants that are in some way distinct/closer to the speaker than other non-particpants. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/ThirdProximative)

TimeNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TimeNoun

noun expressing time

TimeRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TimeRole

Semantic role corresponding to the label "TIME" used by the Stanford Dependency Parser. Time covers a point or an interval of time at which the action takes place. (Dipper et al. 2007, §5.3.9) -TMP (temporal) — marks temporal or aspectual adverbials that answer the questions when, how often, or how long. It has some uses that are not strictly adverbial, such as with dates that modify other NPs (see section 11 [Modification of NP]). (Bies et al. 1995)

TimitiveModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TimitiveModality

TimitiveMood expresses that the speaker fears something expressed in what is said (Palmer 2001: 13, 22). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Timitive)

TimitiveMood

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TimitiveMood

TimitiveMood expresses that the speaker fears something expressed in what is said (Palmer 2001: 13, 22). (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Timitive)

TitleInRunningText

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TitleInRunningText

-TTL (title) — is attached to the top node of a title when this title appears inside running text. -TTL implies -NOM. The internal structure of the title is bracketed as usual. (See section 12 [Titles] for more information about the bracketing of titles.) (Bies et al. 1995)

TitleNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TitleNoun

A title designates the function or the social status of an individual. Often, it accompanies a proper noun, but it can also be used in place of a proper noun (if the bearer of the title is contextually unambiguous). E.g. "The/Det German/Adj Chancellor/Title Angela/Name Merkel/Name said ..." can be used besides "the German Chancellor said ...". Accordingly, some schemes (e.g., Chungku et al. 2010, for Dzongkha) group titles together with proper names (http://purl.org/olia/dzongkha.owl#ParticularPersonNoun). However, if multiple people hold the same title, they can be referred to as a group, e.g., "Since WWII, the politics of the German chancellors always followed ...", and in this usage, titles are more comparable to common nouns. Functionally, titles are thus an intermediate category between CommonNoun and ProperNoun (cf. also Mulkern 1996). Titles do, however, share important characteristics with common nouns. In English, for example, titles generally require a definite determiner (unlike proper nouns), even if unambiguous ("the pope"). They are thus classified here as a subtype of CommonNoun. (Ann E. Mulkern. The name of the game. In Jeanette Gundel and Thorstein Fretheim, editors. Reference and Referent Accessibility: Pragmatics and Beyond. John Benjamins, Amsterdam and Philadelphia, 1996, pages 235–250.)

Token

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Token

Character string surrounded by separators. (Gil Francopoulo; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1403)

Topicalization

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Topicalization

Topicalization structures are ones where a non-subject immediately precedes a subject, which immediately precedes the verb/auxiliary of the sentence. Two examples: Pizza, John likes. Tomorrow, I will go to the store. Such examples should be bracketed as adjunction structures. (Santorini 1991) -TPC (“topicalized”) — marks elements that appear before the subject in a declarative sentence, but in two cases only: (i) if the fronted element is associated with a *T* in the position of the gap. (ii) if the fronted element is left-dislocated (i.e., it is associated with a resumptive pronoun in the position of the gap). (See the section on fronted elements in section 1 [Overview of Basic Clause Structure] for more details on the treatment of fronted elements and the section on *T* with fronted elements in section 4 [Null Elements] for more details on the distribution of *T*.) (Bies et al. 1995) Fronted elements are placed inside the top clause level (e.g. S, SINV, SQ, SBAR). (Only certain fronted elements are tagged -TPC: (i) constituents associated with a *T* in the position of the gap and (ii) left-dislocated constituents (those associated with a resumptive pronoun in the position of the gap).) (See section 1 [Overview of Basic Clause Structure] for more details on the treatment of fronted elements.) (Bies et al. 1995)

Trace

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Trace

T|Trace. Marks the position where a fronted wh-constituent is interpreted. ... T marks the spot where an argument NP that has been moved by wh-movement or relative clause formation is interpreted. For instance, the relative clause the man that I saw should be bracketed as follows, by analogy to the corresponding simple declarative I saw the man. (NP (NP the man) (SBAR that (S (NP I) (VP saw) (NP T))))) T is also used to represent the empty subjects of as-clauses. (Santorini 1991) *T* â ´ trace of Aâ ²-movement (Bies et al. 1995)

Transgressive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Transgressive

present (action in the same time as of the predicate): The dog going through the house barks. past (action premature to the one of predicate): He has started to read the book after he had sat down. (ark.wz.cz/cidarke/mverb.html; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1404)

Transitive

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Transitive

A predicate/verb that takes two arguments, e.g., English "to kiss", cf. van Valin and Lapolla (1997).

TransitiveObject

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TransitiveObject

Second argument of a transitive verb, transitive object (P) (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#P)

TransitiveSubject

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TransitiveSubject

First argument of a transitive or ditransitive verb. (http://languagelink.let.uu.nl/tds/onto/LinguisticOntology.owl#A)

TranslativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource TranslativeCase

TranslativeCase expresses that the referent of the noun, or the quality of the adjective, that it marks is the result of a process of change (Lyons 1968: 299301, Gove, et al. 1966: 813,2429, Sebeok 1946: 17, Hakulinen 1961: 70). X along, across Y. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/Translative)

Trial

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Trial

Grammatical number referring to 'three things', as opposed to 'singular' and 'plural'. (en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_number; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1407)

Typo

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Typo

a mis-typed word

UnaccomplishedAspect

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource UnaccomplishedAspect

aspect that expresses an event or state that is not finished. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2217)

Uncountable

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Uncountable

A mass noun (also uncountable noun or non-count noun) can't be modified by a numeral, occur in singular/plural or co-occur with the relevant kind of determiner. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_noun 19.09.06)

UndergoerMacroRole

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource UndergoerMacroRole

The least agentive argument of the current clause (van Valin and Lapolla 1997), the designated object (from a semantic perspective).

Uninflected

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Uninflected

In many inflecting languages, there occur lexemes whose form does not change throughout the paradigm, e.g., Russian papa "dad". For such forms, the category uninflected may be assigned. However, Uninflected is not to be confused with BaseForm that applies to forms in a paradigm where overt marking exists. Uninflected is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens.

Unique

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Unique

Unique approximates the linguistic concept "Particle". It covers categories with unique or very small membership, such as negative particle, which are `unassigned' to any of the standard part-of-speech categories. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node16.html#mp 19.09.06)

UniquitiveDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource UniquitiveDeterminer

Determiner/Type="exceptional" is applied to the Persian uniquitive determiner تنها i.e., "the only" (MTE v4; Hamidreza Kobdani, email 2010/06/15, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#UniquitiveDeterminer)

UnitNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource UnitNoun

Measuring units are frequently used with numerals. However, they have a different syntactic structure than numerals (Sajjad 2007). In European languages, Units are generally expressed as nouns, e.g., English "ten/Numeral kilogram/Unit". "Kilogram" can also be used as a common noun: "The kilogram is losing weight" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12276822) Hassan Sajjad (2007), Urdu Part of Speech Tagset, version 1.0.0.0, 07-12-2007, Center for research in Urdu Language Processing. National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, http://www.crulp.org/Downloads/langproc/UrduPOStagger/UrduPOStagset.pdf

Utterance

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Utterance

Complete unit of talk, bounded by the speaker's silence. (www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAnUtterance.htm; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1409)

VegetableGender

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VegetableGender

Vegetable gender refers to inanimates and exists in some four-way gender systems, e.g., masculine, feminine, neuter, and vegetable as in Bininj Gun-wok [Evans 2003: 202].

Verb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Verb

A verb is a part of speech that usually denotes action ("bring", "read"), occurrence ("decompose", "glitter"), or a state of being ("exist", "stand"). Depending on the language, a verb may vary in form according to many factors, possibly including its tense, aspect, mood and voice. It may also agree with the person, gender, and/or number of some of its arguments (subject, object, etc.). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verb 19.09.06)

VerbPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VerbPhrase

This category is slightly more difficult to define, since there is disagreement over the extent of the verb phrase. In particular, should the verb phrase include only the words that are verbs, or should it also include the complements of the verb? In the examples given in this document, and in the sample texts in the appendices, we have chosen to include the complements, but it must be noted that this is an open issue, and we are in no way implying that this analysis is preferable to the alternative. The choice to be made at this level, i.e. the inclusion or exclusion of verbal complements in the Verb Phrase, is shown by the examples in 27 and 28, 27 showing the inclusion of the complement of the verb in the verb phrase and 28 excluding the complement: (27) He [VP took up [NP a clothes brush NP] VP] (28) He [VP took up VP] [NP a clothes brush NP] An advantage in the type of analysis shown in 27 is that the relative levels of the constituents can be shown to a greater extent -- i.e. complements of the verb are included in the verb phrase, while adjuncts and peripheral adverbials are left at sentence level. However, in a case where an adjunct occurs before the complement of the verb, the approaches used in 27 and 28 would cause problems, since either both the adjunct and the complement would be included as daughters of the verb phrase, or both would be daughters of the sentence, rather than keeping the complement as a daughter of the verb phrase and the adjunct as a sister of the verb phrase. These problems may be solved by an additional notation, but at some level, arbitrariness is inevitable. Regardless of the choice made over the extent of the Verb Phrase, there arises a problem of discontinuous Verb Phrases. A complex verbal construction may be discontinuous, e.g. the auxiliary and the main verb are separated in inverted constructions in English, or the main verb is positioned at the end of the sentence in German and Dutch. Such discontinuity can be avoided by having different labels and constituents for the auxiliary verb and the main verb, resulting in an analysis as shown in the Dutch example 29 below: (29) [NP Ze NP] [AUX zullen AUX] [ADVP er ADVP] [VP [NP de VN-agenda [PP voor [NP het komende jaar NP] PP] NP] behandelen VP]. and in the English interrogative inverted example 30, using the so-called `dummy auxiliary' do: (30) [AUX Do AUX] [NP they NP] [VP confide [PP in you PP] VP]? As with Noun Phrases, Verb Phrases can be identified by a constituency test. In strong constituency languages like English, the whole VP can be moved, but not part of it: compare 31 and 32: (31) Give in to blackmail, I never will (32) *Give in, I never will to blackmail However, there are languages in which constituent tests do not work. These will typically be languages with flexible word order, such as Finnish. 33 is an example of a discontinuous VP (Vilkuna 1989: 26): (33) Maailmaa nähnyt hän on. world-Part seen he is `He IS a widely-travelled person.' For Finnish, then, evidence for a VP is less convincing than it is for English, and a dependency approach seems the more natural choice. (Covington (1990) provides a parsing strategy for variable word order languages and Covington (1991) for parsing discontinuous constituents, both using a dependency syntax approach.) In Italian also, constituency tests cannot be applied. This can be shown through the distribution of VP-adverbs (e.g. completamente `completely', intenzionalmente `intentionally', attentamente `carefully') and S-adverbs (e.g. probabilmente `probably', certamente `certainly'). In English, these different classes of adverbs have a different distribution within the sentence. In contrast, in Italian, the distinct adverb classes cannot be distinguished on the basis of their distribution in the sentence. S-adverbs and VP-adverbs can occur in the same positions within the sentence, as illustrated in examples 34 to 37: (34) Attentamente/certamente, il bambino ascoltó la storia `Carefully/certainly, the child listened to the story' (35) Il bambino attentamente/certamente ascoltó la storia `The child carefully/certainly listened to the story' (36) Il bambino ascoltó attentamente/certamente la storia `The child listened carefully/certainly to the story' (37) Il bambino ascoltó la storia attentamente/certamente `The child listened to the story carefully/certainly' Thus, in Italian as well as other languages, neither the position nor the syntactic context can help to decide whether an adverb is an S-adverb or a VP-adverb; this can only be stated by considering its semantic content and the way it relates to the content of the predicate or the sentence. This situation has consequences for the success of standard VP-tests. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/segsasg1/node33.html)VerbPhrase is the class of phrases that have verbs as heads. They can play the role of predicate in a main clause. (http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/VerbPhrase)

Verbal

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Verbal

In MULTEXT-East a characteristic of abbreviated verbs (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#Verbal)

VerbalAdverb

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VerbalAdverb

Adverb/Type="verbal" applies to adverbs derived from from verbs (verbal adverbs) in the Serbian, Macedonian and Hungarian MTE v4 specs. Macedonian verbal adverbs (gerunds) like odejkji are thus not considered as verbal forms, but as Adverb/Type="verbal". (MTE v4) (http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#VerbalAdverb)

VerbalComplex

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VerbalComplex

In a German clause, the finite verb can appear in three different positions: verb-second, verb-initial, and verb-final. Only in verb-final clauses the verb complex consisting of the finite verb and non-finite verbal elements forms a unit. The discontinuous positioning of the verbal elements in verb-first and verb-second clauses is the traditional reason for structuring German clauses into fields. The positions of the verbal elements form the Satzklammer (sentence bracket) which divides the sentence into a Vorfeld (initial field), a Mittelfeld (middle field), and a Nachfeld (final field). The Vorfeld and the Mittelfeld are divided by the linke Satzklammer (left sentence bracket), which is the finite verb, the rechte Satzklammer (right sentence bracket) is the verb complex between the Mittelfeld and the Nachfeld. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.13) The Verbkomplex is a sequence of verb forms. In verb-second and verb-first clauses it consists of one or more non-finite elements or - depending on the verb - of a separable prefix. In verb-final clauses it also contains the finite verb. The rule for the linear order in general is: right determines left. If there is a finite verb in the verb complex, it is usually the right-most element. (Telljohann et al. 2009, p.15)

VerbalHead

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VerbalHead

A Verb (V) at the syntax layer is either a lexical (VLEX) or a copula verb (VCOP) at the POS layer. Modal verbs and auxiliaries are not annotated in the constituent structure. The verb and its arguments are placed at the same CSn layer. Raising and control verbs are treated like ordinary verbs. They subcategorize for a sentential complement. (Dipper et al 2007, §3.3.3)

VerbalNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VerbalNoun

A verbal noun is a noun formed directly as an inflexion of a verb or a verb stem, sharing at least in part its constructions. This term is applied especially to gerunds, and sometimes also to infinitives and supines. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_noun 19.09.06)

VerbalParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VerbalParticle

A verbal particle modifies the verb and carries information on the verb form (e.g., finiteness, tense and aspect). (Dimitrova et al. 2009, Dan Tufis, email 2010/06/09). In the Bulgarian MTE specs, Particle/Type=verbal(v) is used to form different type of verbal syntactical relationships, e.g. to create future tense (ще говориш), or particles like се, да. (Dimitrova et al. 2009) The Romanian MTE v4 specs provide a more fine-grained subclassification of (verbal) particles (MTE v4, http://purl.org/olia/mte/multext-east.owl#VerbalParticle)

VerbalPredicate

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VerbalPredicate

The predicate of the clause is represented by a verbal lexeme. (Ch. Chiarcos)

VisualEvidentiality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VisualEvidentiality

VisualEvidentiality encodes the fact that the speaker came to believe the content of the expression through direct visual experience; they saw it [Palmer 2001: 57].

VocativeCase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VocativeCase

Vocative case marks a noun whose referent is being addressed. (http://www.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsVocativeCase.htm 17.11.06)

VocativeExpression

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VocativeExpression

An expression referring to a person to which the utterance is addressed, e.g. Old High German "truhtin", "meistar" or "fater". The vocative expression typically occurs outside of the clause and not in an argument position selected by the predicate. (Petrova 2008, see http://purl.org/olia/tcodex.owl)

VoiceNoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VoiceNoun

noun of a voice (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-2253)

VoiceParticle

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VoiceParticle

E.g., the mediopassive (middle) voice marker se in the Portuguese EAGLES scheme. (Leech and Wilson 1996)

VolitiveModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VolitiveModality

VolitiveForce indicates that the speaker is willing to perform some action [Palmer 2001: 76].

VulgarRegister

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource VulgarRegister

Register of a term or text type that can be characterized as profane or socially unacceptable. (ISO12620; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1998)

WHAdjectivePhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WHAdjectivePhrase

WHADJP â ´ Wh-adjective Phrase. Adjectival phrase containing a wh-adverb, as in how hot. (Bies et al. 1995)

WHAdverbPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WHAdverbPhrase

WHADVP|Wh-adverb phrase. Phrasal category headed by a wh-adverb such as how or why. (Santorini 1991) WHADVP â ´ Wh-adverb Phrase. Introduces a clause with an ADVP gap. May be null (containing the 0 complementizer) or lexical, containing a wh-adverb such as how or why. (Bies et al. 1995)

WHCleft

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WHCleft

Wh-clefts are constructions in which a wh-clause functions as the subject of a sentence. A simple example is What matters is the price. Here, the wh-clause What matters is the subject, and is the price is the predicate. The internal structure of the subject is: (NP (SBAR (WHNP what) (S (NP T) (VP matters)))) (Santorini 1991)

WHDeterminer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WHDeterminer

WHNounPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WHNounPhrase

WHNP|Wh-noun phrase. Noun phrase containing (among other things) a wh-determiner, as in which book or whose daughter, or consisting of a wh-pronoun like who. (Santorini 1991) WHNP â ´ Wh-noun Phrase. Introduces a clause with an NP gap. May be null (containing the 0 complementizer) or lexical, containing some wh-word, e.g. who, which book, whose daughter, none of which, or how many leopards. (Bies et al. 1995)

WHPrepositionalPhrase

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WHPrepositionalPhrase

WHPP|Wh-prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrase containing a wh-determiner, as in by whatever means necessary. (Santorini 1991) WHPP â ´ Wh-prepositional Phrase. Prepositional phrase containing a wh-noun phrase (such as of which or by whose authority) that either introduces a PP gap or is contained by a WHNP. (Bies et al. 1995)

WHPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WHPronoun

WHTypeAdverbs

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WHTypeAdverbs

Adverb that serves to express interrogativity, exclamation or that serves to link a subordinate clause to the matrix clause. (Ch. Chiarcos)

Weak

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource Weak

Weak pronouns are helping pronouns many languages have for easily explaining the possessive status of something, to which something belongs. Many languages have different ways to express this. For example, English has distinctive words for all of these: "my", "mine". Germanic languages and Romance languages have the same, but inflect them for gender: (Spanish example) "mío", "mía", "míos" and "mías" ("mine", in the masculine singular, feminine singular, masculine plural, and feminine plural form, respectively). (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_pronoun 20.11.06)

WeakInflection

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WeakInflection

German adjectives take the endings of the weak inflection when a determiner expresses number, gender and case. The weak adjective inflection has only two endings: –e and –en. (http://www.canoo.net/services/OnlineGrammar/Wort/Adjektiv/Deklinationstyp/Schwach.html 20.11.06) In other Germanic languages, similar systems exist. Weak inflection is a characteristic of lexemes, not individual tokens.

WeakObligativeModality

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WeakObligativeModality

WeakObligativeModality indicates that an agent is under a moral obligation to perform the action expressed by the predicate [Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca 1994: 186-187].

WeakPersonalPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WeakPersonalPronoun

Personal pronoun that cannot occupy the position after a preposition and/or reinforce a strong personal pronoun. (http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1414)

WithComparative

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WithComparative

For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "als" is followed by various kinds of comparative clause (including clauses without finite verbs). (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)

WithFinite

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WithFinite

For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "weil" introduces a clause with a finite verb. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)

WithInfinite

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WithInfinite

For example, in German the subordinating conjunction "ohne" ("zu"...) is followed by an infinitive. (http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/annotate/node19.html#oav2u 17.11.06)

WordOrderInverse

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource WordOrderInverse

SINV|Inverted declarative sentence, i.e. one in which the subject follows the verb. See Section 5.19. (Santorini 1991) The SINV label is used for subject-auxiliary inversion in the case of negative inversion, conditional inversion, locative inversion, and some topicalizations. ... SINV â ´ Inverted declarative sentence, i.e. one in which the subject follows the tensed verb or modal. (Bies et al. 1995)

YesNoQuestion

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource YesNoQuestion

There are two types of direct questions: yes-no questions and wh-questions. Yes-no questions should be bracketed as SQ. The auxiliary verb or form of do that precedes the subject in a yes-no question is a child of SQ. Note that yes-no questions need not contain a VP node (Santorini 1991)

ZeroComplementizer

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ZeroComplementizer

0|Zero represents a zero complementizer (= subordinating conjunction); it may need to be deleted. The zero complementizer is generally the counterpart of the overt complementizer that. Example: Iâ ¹m sure 0 heâ ¹ll be here any minute. ... 0 stands in for overt subordinating conjunctions like that in tensed subordinate clauses, including relative clauses. So the relative clause the man I saw should be bracketed as follows: (NP (NP the man) (SBAR 0 (S (NP I) (VP saw) (NP T))))) (Santorini 1991)

ZeroPronoun

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ZeroPronoun

*|An asterisk represents a zero pronoun; it may need to be deleted. ... * is used to represent the empty subject of gerunds, imperatives and to-infinitive clauses. (Santorini 1991) (NP *) â ´ arbitrary PRO, controlled PRO, and trace of A-movement (Bies et al. 1995)

hasConjunct

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource hasConjunct

hasSentenceConjunct

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource hasSentenceConjunct

hasWordConjunct

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource hasWordConjunct

ing

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource ing

English verb forms ending in '-ing' that represent either Gerunds or Participles.

zuInclusion

public static final org.apache.jena.rdf.model.Resource zuInclusion

Inclusion of zu. (DFKI; http://www.isocat.org/datcat/DC-1954)

Constructor Details

OliaOnt

public OliaOnt()

Method Details

getURI

public static String getURI()

The namespace of the vocabulary as a string

Returns:

namespace as String

See Also:

• NS