. _:vb6878319 . _:vb6878316 . "1" . _:vb6878318 "1997, Gabrielle M. Lanier, Bernard L. Herman, Everyday Architecture of the Mid-Atlantic, page 90:"@en . _:vb6878317 "1707, John Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry, London: H. Mortlock & J. Robinson, 2nd edition, 1708, Chapter 1, pp. 11-12,[1]"@en . _:vb6878317 "[\u2026] if you de\u017Fign it a Fence to keep in Deer, at every eight or ten Foot di\u017Ftance, \u017Fet a Po\u017Ft with a Mortice in it to \u017Ftand a little \u017Floping over the \u017Fide of the Bank about two Foot high; and into the Mortices put a Rail [\u2026] and no Deer will go over it, nor can they creep through it, as they do often, when a Pale tumbles down."@en . _:vb6878319 "Pales (irregular, hand-riven, 1\u2032\u2032 \u00D7 4\u2032\u2032 boards) are inserted into grooves on both sides of the floor joists; on top of these, similar pales are laid at right angles; finally a plasterlike mixture is poured over and around the top pales,"@en . _:vb6878318 "Ceiling joists were sometimes grooved to receive riven staves or pales that secured mud-and-straw walling."@en . _:vb6878319 "2015, Mark E. Reinberger, Elizabeth McLean, The Philadelphia Country House:"@en . _:vb6878316 "A wooden stake; a picket."@en . _:vb6878317 . _:vb6878318 .