(biology, ecology, demography, insurance) The number of deaths per given unit of population over a given period of time.
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In foundling hospitals, and among the children brought up by parish charities the mortality is still greater than among those of the common people.
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1776 March 8, Adam Smith, chapter VIII, in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. […], volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, book I (Of the Causes of Improvement in the Productive Powers of Labour, […]), page 97:
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Some of the objects of enquiry would be […] what was the comparative mortality among the children of the most distressed part of the community, and those who lived rather more at their ease […]
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1798, Thomas Malthus, chapter 2, in An Essay on the Principle of Population[1], London: J. Johnson, pages 32–33:
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And, even in peace and at home, what was the sanitary condition of the Army? The mortality in the barracks was, she found, nearly double the mortality in civil life.
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1918 May 9, Lytton Strachey, “[Florence Nightingale.] Chapter X”, in Eminent Victorians: Cardinal Manning, Florence Nightingale, Dr. Arnold, General Gordon (Library of English Literature; LEL 11347), London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 146:
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[…] a drought year brought conditions especially favorable to the beetle and the mortality of elms went up 1000 per cent.
By studying mortality rates and pollution statistics in 90 Chinese cities, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Israel and China discovered that air pollution from burning coal in north China, defined as above the Huai River, with a population of around 500 million people, was 55% higher than in the south.
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2013 July 9, Calum MacLeod, “In China, air pollution report brings despair, humor”, in USA Today[1], →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 10 July 2013[2]: