[…] if you deſign it a Fence to keep in Deer, at every eight or ten Foot diſtance, ſet a Poſt with a Mortice in it to ſtand a little ſloping over the ſide of the Bank about two Foot high; and into the Mortices put a Rail […] and no Deer will go over it, nor can they creep through it, as they do often, when a Pale tumbles down.
dcterms:bibliographicCitation
1707, John Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry, London: H. Mortlock & J. Robinson, 2nd edition, 1708, Chapter 1, pp. 11-12,[1]
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_:vb6878318
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Ceiling joists were sometimes grooved to receive riven staves or pales that secured mud-and-straw walling.
dcterms:bibliographicCitation
1997, Gabrielle M. Lanier, Bernard L. Herman, Everyday Architecture of the Mid-Atlantic, page 90:
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_:vb6878319
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Pales (irregular, hand-riven, 1′′ × 4′′ boards) are inserted into grooves on both sides of the floor joists; on top of these, similar pales are laid at right angles; finally a plasterlike mixture is poured over and around the top pales,
dcterms:bibliographicCitation
2015, Mark E. Reinberger, Elizabeth McLean, The Philadelphia Country House: